Pareil ou différent: le chevauchement entre les enfants avec des troubles du traitement auditif et des enfants avec d'autres troubles du développement: une revue systématique

Aperçu: G.M.

Les enfants diagnostiqués avec des troubles du traitement auditif (APD) éprouvent des difficultés dans le fonctionnement auditif et avec des tâches de mémoire, d'attention, de langage et de lecture. Cependant, on ne sait pas si les caractéristiques comportementales de ces enfants sont distinctes des caractéristiques comportementales des enfants diagnostiqués avec un trouble du développement différent, comme une déficience spécifique du langage (SLI), une dyslexie, un trouble de l'hyperactivité à déficit de l'attention (TDAH), un trouble de l'apprentissage (LD) ou un trouble du spectre de l'autisme (TSA).

L'objectif de cette étude était de déterminer 

1. quelles caractéristiques de l'APD se chevauchent avec les caractéristiques des enfants avec un diagnostic de SLI, dyslexie, TDAH, LD ou TSA; et 
2. s'il existe des caractéristiques qui distinguent les enfants diagnostiqués avec APD d'enfants diagnostiqués avec d'autres troubles du développement. 

Au total, 13 études dont la qualité méthodologique était modérée ont été incluses dans cette revue systématique. Dans cinq études, la performance des enfants diagnostiqués avec APD a été comparée à la performance des enfants diagnostiqués avec SLI: chez deux avec des enfants diagnostiqués avec dyslexie, un avec des enfants diagnostiqués avec du TDAH et un autre avec des enfants ayant un diagnostic de LD. Dix des études comprenaient des enfants qui satisfaisaient aux critères pour plus d'un diagnostic. Dans quatre études, il y a eu une comparaison entre les performances des enfants atteints de troubles comorbides. Il n'y a pas eu d'études dans lesquelles la performance des enfants diagnostiqués avec APD a été comparée à la performance des enfants diagnostiqués avec un trouble du spectre de l'autisme.

Les enfants diagnostiqués avec APD ont des performances identiques à celles des enfants avec SLI, dyslexie, TDAH et LD dans les tests d'intelligence, de mémoire ou d'attention et des tests de langage.

Seules de petites différences entre les groupes ont été trouvées pour les tâches sensorielles et fonctionnelles perceptives (auditives et visuelles). En outre, les enfants diagnostiqués avec dyslexie ont été plus pauvres dans les tâches de lecture par rapport aux enfants diagnostiqués avec APD. 

Le résultat est peut-être biaisé par la mauvaise qualité des études de recherche et la faible qualité des mesures de résultat utilisées.

Ear Hear. 2017 Aug 31. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000000479.

Same or Different: The Overlap Between Children With Auditory Processing Disorders and Children With Other Developmental Disorders: A Systematic Review

de Wit E¹, van Dijk P, Hanekamp S, Visser-Bochane MI, Steenbergen B, van der Schans CP, Luinge MR.

Author information

1

1Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands; 2Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; 3Laboratory for Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. 4Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; 5Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia; and 6Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:

Children diagnosed with auditory processing disorders (APD) experience difficulties in auditory functioning and with memory, attention, language, and reading tasks. However, it is not clear whether the behavioral characteristics of these children are distinctive from the behavioral characteristics of children diagnosed with a different developmental disorder, such as specific language impairment (SLI), dyslexia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), learning disorder (LD), or autism spectrum disorder. This study describes the performance of children diagnosed with APD, SLI, dyslexia, ADHD, and LD to different outcome measurements. The aim of this study was to determine (1) which characteristics of APD overlap with the characteristics of children with SLI, dyslexia, ADHD, LD, or autism spectrum disorder; and (2) if there are characteristics that distinguish children diagnosed with APD from children diagnosed with other developmental disorders.

DESIGN:

A systematic review. Six electronic databases (Pubmed, CINAHL, Eric, PsychINFO, Communication & Mass Media Complete, and EMBASE) were searched to find peer-reviewed studies from 1954 to May 2015. The authors included studies reporting behaviors and performance of children with (suspected) APD and children diagnosed with a different developmental disorder (SLI, Dyslexia, ADHD, and LD). Two researchers identified and screened the studies independently. Methodological quality of the included studies was assessed with the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's levels-of-evidence scheme.

RESULTS:

In total, 13 studies of which the methodological quality was moderate were included in this systematic review. In five studies, the performance of children diagnosed with APD was compared with the performance of children diagnosed with SLI: in two with children diagnosed with dyslexia, one with children diagnosed with ADHD, and in another one with children diagnosed with LD. Ten of the studies included children who met the criteria for more than one diagnosis. In four studies, there was a comparison made between the performances of children with comorbid disorders. There were no studies found in which the performance of children diagnosed with APD was compared with the performance of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Children diagnosed with APD broadly share the same characteristics as children diagnosed with other developmental disorders, with only minor differences between them. Differences were determined with the auditory and visual Duration Pattern Test, the Children's Auditory Processing Performance Scale questionnaire, and the subtests of the Listening in Spatialized Noise-Sentences test, in which noise is spatially separated from target sentences. However, these differences are not consistent between studies and are not found in comparison to all groups of children with other developmental disorders.

CONCLUSIONS:

Children diagnosed with APD perform equally to children diagnosed with SLI, dyslexia, ADHD, and LD on tests of intelligence, memory or attention, and language tests. Only small differences between groups were found for sensory and perceptual functioning tasks (auditory and visual). In addition, children diagnosed with dyslexia performed poorer in reading tasks compared with children diagnosed with APD. The result is possibly confounded by poor quality of the research studies and the low quality of the used outcome measures. More research with higher scientific rigor is required to better understand the differences and similarities in children with various neurodevelopmental disorders.

PMID:

28863035

DOI:

10.1097/AUD.0000000000000479

Ear Hear. 2017 Aug 31. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000000479. [Epub ahead of print]

Same or Different: The Overlap Between Children With Auditory Processing Disorders and Children With Other Developmental Disorders: A Systematic Review.

de Wit E¹, van Dijk P, Hanekamp S, Visser-Bochane MI, Steenbergen B, van der Schans CP, Luinge MR.

Author information

1

1Research Group Healthy Ageing, Allied Health Care and Nursing, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands; 2Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; 3Laboratory for Experimental Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. 4Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; 5Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia; and 6Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:

Children diagnosed with auditory processing disorders (APD) experience difficulties in auditory functioning and with memory, attention, language, and reading tasks. However, it is not clear whether the behavioral characteristics of these children are distinctive from the behavioral characteristics of children diagnosed with a different developmental disorder, such as specific language impairment (SLI), dyslexia, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), learning disorder (LD), or autism spectrum disorder. This study describes the performance of children diagnosed with APD, SLI, dyslexia, ADHD, and LD to different outcome measurements. The aim of this study was to determine (1) which characteristics of APD overlap with the characteristics of children with SLI, dyslexia, ADHD, LD, or autism spectrum disorder; and (2) if there are characteristics that distinguish children diagnosed with APD from children diagnosed with other developmental disorders.

DESIGN:

A systematic review. Six electronic databases (Pubmed, CINAHL, Eric, PsychINFO, Communication & Mass Media Complete, and EMBASE) were searched to find peer-reviewed studies from 1954 to May 2015. The authors included studies reporting behaviors and performance of children with (suspected) APD and children diagnosed with a different developmental disorder (SLI, Dyslexia, ADHD, and LD). Two researchers identified and screened the studies independently. Methodological quality of the included studies was assessed with the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's levels-of-evidence scheme.

RESULTS:

In total, 13 studies of which the methodological quality was moderate were included in this systematic review. In five studies, the performance of children diagnosed with APD was compared with the performance of children diagnosed with SLI: in two with children diagnosed with dyslexia, one with children diagnosed with ADHD, and in another one with children diagnosed with LD. Ten of the studies included children who met the criteria for more than one diagnosis. In four studies, there was a comparison made between the performances of children with comorbid disorders. There were no studies found in which the performance of children diagnosed with APD was compared with the performance of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Children diagnosed with APD broadly share the same characteristics as children diagnosed with other developmental disorders, with only minor differences between them. Differences were determined with the auditory and visual Duration Pattern Test, the Children's Auditory Processing Performance Scale questionnaire, and the subtests of the Listening in Spatialized Noise-Sentences test, in which noise is spatially separated from target sentences. However, these differences are not consistent between studies and are not found in comparison to all groups of children with other developmental disorders.

CONCLUSIONS:

Children diagnosed with APD perform equally to children diagnosed with SLI, dyslexia, ADHD, and LD on tests of intelligence, memory or attention, and language tests. Only small differences between groups were found for sensory and perceptual functioning tasks (auditory and visual). In addition, children diagnosed with dyslexia performed poorer in reading tasks compared with children diagnosed with APD. The result is possibly confounded by poor quality of the research studies and the low quality of the used outcome measures. More research with higher scientific rigor is required to better understand the differences and similarities in children with various neurodevelopmental disorders.

PMID:28863035

DOI:10.1097/AUD.0000000000000479

Les différences de volume de l'amygdale dans le trouble du spectre de l'autisme sont liées à l'anxiété

Aperçu: G.M.

Des études récentes suggèrent que les résultats de longue date sur la morphologie anormale de l'amygdale dans le TSA peut être liée aux symptômes de l'anxiété. Pour tester cette hypothèse, cinquante-trois enfants avec un diagnostic de TSA (âge moyen = 11,9) ont subi une IRM structurale et ont été divisés en sous-groupes pour comparer ceux avec au moins un diagnostic de trouble anxieux (n = 29) à ceux qui n'ont pas (n = 24) et à un groupe témoin avec un développement typique (TDC; n = 37). 

Le groupe TSA et le groupe avec trouble anxieux ont montré une diminution du volume de l'amygdale droite (contrôlée pour le volume total du cerveau) par rapport au groupe TSA sans anxiété (p = .04) et au groupe TDC (p = 0,08).  

Les résultats suggèrent que les jeunes avec un diagnostic de TSA et d'anxiété coexistante ont une trajectoire de développement neurologique distincte.

J Autism Dev Disord. 2017 Jul 8. doi: 10.1007/s10803-017-3206-1.

Amygdala Volume Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder Are Related to Anxiety

Herrington JD^1,2, Maddox BB³, Kerns CM^4,5, Rump K⁶, Worley JA⁷, Bush JC⁸, McVey AJ⁹, Schultz RT^3,6,10, Miller JS^3,6.

Author information

1

Center for Autism Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3535 Market Street, Suite 860, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. herringtonj@email.chop.edu.

2

Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. herringtonj@email.chop.edu.

3

Center for Autism Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3535 Market Street, Suite 860, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.

4

AJ Drexel Autism Institute & Community Health & Prevention, School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3020 Market Street, Suite 560, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.

5

Center for Health Innovation, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, 11530, USA.

6

Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.

7

SPIN Inc, 10521 Drummond Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19154, USA.

8

Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E. 10th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.

9

Department of Psychology, Marquette University, PO Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA.

10

Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Suite 860, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.

Abstract

Recent studies suggest that longstanding findings of abnormal amygdala morphology in ASD may be related to symptoms of anxiety. To test this hypothesis, fifty-three children with ASD (mean age = 11.9) underwent structural MRI and were divided into subgroups to compare those with at least one anxiety disorder diagnosis (n = 29) to those without (n = 24) and to a typically developing control group (TDC; n = 37). Groups were matched on age and intellectual level. The ASD and anxiety group showed decreased right amygdala volume (controlled for total brain volume) relative to ASD without anxiety (p = .04) and TDCs (p = .068). Results suggest that youth with ASD and co-occurring anxiety have a distinct neurodevelopmental trajectory.

PMID:28689329

DOI:10.1007/s10803-017-3206-1

La co-occurrence du "trouble du spectre de l'autisme" chez les enfants "avec TDAH"

Aperçu: G.M.

Les enfants avec TDAH présentent fréquemment une symptomatologie du trouble du spectre de l'autisme (TSA), mais il existe un écart notable dans les besoins de traitement de cette sous-population, y compris si la présence de TSA peut être associée à des symptômes de TDAH plus sévères.

Environ un enfant sur huit actuellement diagnostiqué avec TDAH a également reçu un diagnostic de TSA. Les enfants diagnostiqués avec les deux troubles avaient des besoins de traitement plus importants, des conditions plus fréquentes et étaient plus susceptibles d'avoir un sous-type de TDAH hyperactif / impulsif et d'inattention combiné. 

J Atten Disord. 2017 Jun 1:1087054717713638. doi: 10.1177/1087054717713638.

The Co-Occurrence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children With ADHD

Zablotsky B¹, Bramlett MD¹, Blumberg SJ¹.

Author information

1

1 National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD, USA.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

Children with ADHD frequently present with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptomatology, yet there is a notable gap in the treatment needs of this subpopulation, including whether the presence of ASD may be associated with more severe ADHD symptoms.

METHOD:

Data from the 2014 National Survey of the Diagnosis and Treatment of ADHD and Tourette Syndrome ( n = 2,464) were used to compare children diagnosed with ADHD and ASD with children with ADHD, but not ASD. Children were classified as needing treatment if it was received or their parents reported it was needed, but not received.

RESULTS:

Approximately one in eight children currently diagnosed with ADHD was also diagnosed with ASD. Children diagnosed with both disorders had greater treatment needs, more co-occurring conditions, and were more likely to have a combined hyperactive/impulsive and inattentive ADHD subtype.

CONCLUSION:

These findings highlight the complexity of children diagnosed with both ADHD and ASD.

PMID:28614965

DOI:10.1177/1087054717713638

La propension à l'illusion montre la comorbidité avec des traits de troubles du spectre de l'autisme et du TDAH

Aperçu: G.M.

Il existe de plus en plus de preuves suggérant une comorbidité significative entre les "troubles" "psychotiques" tels que la schizophrénie et le trouble déficitaire de l'attention / hyperactivité (TDAH) ou les "troubles du spectre de l'autisme" (TSA).

Dans le présent document, l'équipe a testé la robustesse du chevauchement entre les symptômes de psychose et les symptômes de TDAH / TSA en étudiant les corrélations entre les scores de trois questionnaires couramment utilisés évaluant la propension à l'illusion (inventaire Delusion de Peters), les prédispositions au TDAH (Adulte TDAH Auto- Report Scale) et les prédispositions au TSA (Quotient sur l'autisme), sur un grand échantillon d'individus en bonne santé (n = 925) en utilisant des scores bruts, des questions prototypiques et une analyse factorielle. 

Les résultats ont montré des corrélations positives entre la propension à la psychose et le TDAH, ainsi que les symptômes du TSA. Alors que l'effet était faible pour les TSA, il était modéré pour le TDAH. Les résultats confirment l'idée que, lors de l'étude de la propension à la psychose, il est essentiel de prendre en compte les tendances du TDAH et du TSA, afin de conclure que les résultats rapportés dans une étude donnée sont spécifiques à la propension à la psychose. Les corrélations de caractères observées suggèrent également une voie commune dans le traitement d'information sous-jacent de ces états.

Cliquer ICI pour accéder à l'intégralité de l'article en anglais

PLoS One. 2017 May 18;12(5):e0177820. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177820. eCollection 2017.

Delusion-proneness displays comorbidity with traits of autistic-spectrum disorders and ADHD

Louzolo A¹, Gustavsson P¹, Tigerström L¹, Ingvar M², Olsson A¹, Petrovic P¹.

Author information

1

Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

2

Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.

Abstract

There is an increasing body of evidence suggesting a significant comorbidity between psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism-spectrum disorders (AD). Recently, research on psychosis-proneness in otherwise healthy individuals has been a promising way to better understand the mechanisms underlying psychosis. As both ADHD and ASD symptoms show a normal distribution in the general population, such trait comorbidity may confound studies on psychosis-proneness. Thus, understanding the extent to which psychosis-proneness relates to ADHD and ASD symptoms in healthy subjects is crucial for studies focusing on at-risk or psychosis-prone populations. In the present paper we tested the robustness of overlap between psychosis-proneness and ADHD/ASD symptoms, by studying correlations between the scores of three commonly-used questionnaires assessing delusion-proneness (Peters' Delusion Inventory), ADHD tendencies (Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale) and ASD tendencies (Autism Quotient), on a large sample of healthy individuals (n = 925) using raw scores, prototypical questions and a factor analysis. The results showed consistently positive correlations between psychosis-proneness and ADHD-, as well as ASD-symptoms. While the effect was weak for ASD, it was moderate for ADHD. The findings support the idea that when investigating psychosis-proneness it is crucial to also take ADHD- and ASD-tendencies into account, in order to conclude that the reported results in a given study are specific to psychosis-proneness. The observed trait correlations also suggest a common pathway in the underlying information processing of these states.

PMID:28542365

PMCID:PMC5436821

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177820

Autisme et condamnations pour crimes violents: étude de cohorte basée sur la population en Suède

Aperçu: G.M.

Des examens systématiques récents ont mis en évidence que la relation entre l'autisme et les infractions violentes n'est toujours pas claire, mais certains cas ont reçu un examen approfondi des médias. L'équipe a enquêté pour savoir si l'autisme est associé à des condamnations pour crimes violents et étudié les risques associés et les facteurs de protection.

Les personnes "avec autisme", en particulier celles qui n'ont pas de déficience intellectuelle, semblent d'abord avoir un risque plus élevé d'infraction violente (risque relatif ajusté = 1,39, IC 95% = 1,23-1,58). Cependant, ces associations sont nettement atténuées après la prise en compte d'un trouble de déficit de l'attention / hyperactivité (TDAH) ou d'un trouble de la conduite  (risque relatif ajusté = 0,85, IC 95% = 0,75-0,97). Parmi les personnes "avec autisme", le sexe masculin et les conditions psychiatriques étaient les prédicteurs les plus forts de la criminalité violente, ainsi que les antécédents criminels et psychiatriques parentaux et les caractéristiques socioéconomiques. 

On a prouvé que le diagnostic retardé d'autisme était associé à un risque accru de crime violent. Une meilleure performance scolaire et une déficience intellectuelle semblaient être protectrice.
Une association initialement observée entre l'autisme et les crimes violents au niveau de la population a été expliquée par la comorbidité avec le TDAH et le trouble de la conduite. Une meilleure compréhension et gestion de la psychopathologie comorbide dans l'autisme peut potentiellement aider une action préventive contre les comportements offensants chez les personnes "avec autisme".

J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2017 Jun;56(6):491-497.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.03.011. Epub 2017 Apr 3.

Autism and Convictions for Violent Crimes: Population-Based Cohort Study in Sweden

Heeramun R¹, Magnusson C², Gumpert CH³, Granath S⁴, Lundberg M², Dalman C², Rai D⁵.

Author information

1

Avon and Wiltshire Partnership National Health Service Mental Health Trust, Bristol, UK.

2

Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm and the Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm.

3

Karolinska Institutet and the Centre for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm.

4

National Council for Crime Prevention, Stockholm.

5

Avon and Wiltshire Partnership National Health Service Mental Health Trust, Bristol, UK; Centre for Academic Mental Health, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol. Electronic address: Dheeraj.rai@bristol.ac.uk.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

Recent systematic reviews have highlighted that the relationship between autism and violent offending is still unclear, but some cases have received extensive media scrutiny. We investigated whether autism is associated with convictions for violent crimes, and studied the associated risk and protective factors.

METHOD:

We analyzed data from the Stockholm Youth Cohort, a total population-based record-linkage cohort in Stockholm County comprising 295,734 individuals followed up between 15 and 27 years of age. Of these, 5,739 individuals had a recorded autism diagnosis. The main outcome measure was a conviction for violent crimes identified using the Swedish National Crime Register.

RESULTS:

Individuals with autism, particularly those without intellectual disability, initially appeared to have a higher risk of violent offending (adjusted relative risk = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.23-1.58). However, these associations markedly attenuated after co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or conduct disorder were taken into account (adjusted relative risk = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.75-0.97). Among individuals with autism, male sex and psychiatric conditions were the strongest predictors of violent criminality, along with parental criminal and psychiatric history and socioeconomic characteristics. There was some evidence that a delayed diagnosis of autism was associated with a greater risk of violent crime. Better school performance and intellectual disability appeared to be protective.

CONCLUSION:

An initially observed association between autism and violent crimes at a population level was explained by comorbidity with ADHD and conduct disorder. Better understanding and management of comorbid psychopathology in autism may potentially help preventive action against offending behaviors in people with autism.

Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

PMID: 28545754

DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.03.011

Prévalence et caractéristiques des troubles du spectre de l'autisme chez les enfants avec une paralysie cérébrale

Aperçu: G.M.

L'étude a pour objectif d'évaluer la prévalence des troubles du spectre de l'autisme (TSA) co-occurrents chez les enfants avec une paralysie cérébrale (CP) et décrire leurs caractéristiques.

Parmi les enfants avec CP, 107 avaient un diagnostic associé de TSA - soit 8.7% de la population étudiée. Cette proportion variait selon les centres de 4,0% à 16,7%, mais était indépendante de la prévalence du CP.  

Le sexe masculin, l'épilepsie coexistant, le handicap intellectuel et une meilleure aptitude à la marche étaient associés à la coexistence des TSA.

Dev Med Child Neurol. 2017 Apr 25. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.13436.

Prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorders in children with cerebral palsy

Delobel-Ayoub M^1,2,3, Klapouszczak D^1,2,3, van Bakel MME⁴, Horridge K⁵, Sigurdardottir S⁶, Himmelmann K⁷, Arnaud C^1,2,3.

Author information

1

Inserm UMR 1027, Toulouse, France.

2

Université de Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.

3

CHU Toulouse, Registre des Handicaps de l'Enfant en Haute-Garonne, Toulouse, France.

4

Register for Severely Disabled Children and Perinatal Observatory, Grenoble, France.

5

Paediatric Disability Department, Sunderland Royal Hospital, Sunderland, UK.

6

The State Diagnostic and Counselling Centre, Kopavogur, Iceland.

7

Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Abstract

AIM:

To evaluate the prevalence of co-occurring autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) among children with cerebral palsy (CP), and to describe their characteristics.

METHOD:

The data of 1225 CP cases from four population-based registers (Iceland, Sweden, and two in France) and one population-based surveillance programme (North East England, UK) participating in the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe Network (SCPE) were analysed. The ASD diagnoses were systematically recorded using category F84 of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. The registers provided data on children born between 1995 and 2006, while the cross-sectional survey in the UK concerned children aged 0 to 19 years, registered in 2010.

RESULTS:

Among the children with CP, 107 had an associated diagnosis of ASD - i.e., 8.7% of the study population (95% confidence interval 7.2-10.5). This proportion varied across centres from 4.0% to 16.7% but was independent of CP prevalence. Male sex, co-occurring epilepsy, intellectual disability, and better walking ability were associated with the coexistence of ASD.

INTERPRETATION:

Our findings support the need for a multidisciplinary approach to management of children with CP to adequately identify and address all facets of presentation, including ASD.

© 2017 Mac Keith Press.

PMID: 28439889

DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.13436

Problèmes de santé dans les premières années de vie associés à un diagnostic futur de TSA chez les enfants

Aperçu: G.M.

Cette étude examine les problèmes de santé diagnostiqués avant le diagnostic du trouble du spectre de l'autisme (TSA).

A partir de 3911 cas de TSA et 38 609 contrôles, l'étude met en évidence que 38 des 79 problèmes de santé étaient associés à une augmentation du risque de TSA.

Le retard de développement, la santé mentale et les troubles neurologique ont eu les associations les plus fortes. Des associations modérément fortes ont été observées pour la nutrition, la génétique, le nez et la gorge et l'oreille et le sommeil.

À l'aide de méthodes d'apprentissage statistique, nous avons regroupé les enfants en fonction de leur état de santé avant le diagnostic du TSA et démontré une stratification du risque de TSA. Nos résultats fournissent de nouvelles preuves indiquant que les enfants avec un diagnostic de TSA ont un poids disproportionné de problèmes de santé précédant le diagnostic de TSA.  

J Autism Dev Disord. 2017 Apr 22. doi: 10.1007/s10803-017-3130-4.

Medical Conditions in the First Years of Life Associated with Future Diagnosis of ASD in Children

Alexeeff SE¹, Yau V^2,3, Qian Y², Davignon M⁴, Lynch F⁵, Crawford P⁵, Davis R⁶, Croen LA².

Author information

1

Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA. Stacey.Alexeeff@kp.org

2

Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA.

3

McKesson Corporation, San Francisco, CA, USA.

4

The Permanente Medical Group, Pediatrics, Oakland, CA, USA.

5

Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest, Portland, OR, USA.

6

Center for Biomedical Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, TN, USA.

Abstract

This study examines medical conditions diagnosed prior to the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Using a matched case control design with 3911 ASD cases and 38,609 controls, we found that 38 out of 79 medical conditions were associated with increased ASD risk. Developmental delay, mental health, and neurology conditions had the strongest associations (ORs 2.0-23.3). Moderately strong associations were observed for nutrition, genetic, ear nose and throat, and sleep conditions (ORs 2.1-3.2). Using machine learning methods, we clustered children based on their medical conditions prior to ASD diagnosis and demonstrated ASD risk stratification. Our findings provide new evidence indicating that children with ASD have a disproportionate burden of certain medical conditions preceding ASD diagnosis.

PMID: 28434058

DOI : 0.1007/s10803-017-3130-4

Le syndrome d'Asperger chez les mâles sur deux décennies: qualité de vie par rapport à la stabilité diagnostique et à la comorbidité psychiatrique

Aperçu: G.M.

Cette étude a examiné la qualité de vie objective (travail, réussite scolaire, situation de vie, relations, système de soutien) et la qualité de vie subjective (Sense of Coherence and Short-Form Health Survey-36) dans un échantillon adulte d'hommes (n = 50, Âge moyen: 30 ans) avec le syndrome d'Asperger diagnostiqué dans l'enfance et suivi prospectivement sur deux décennies. L'association entre la stabilité diagnostique à long terme d'un trouble du spectre de l'autisme et/ou des troubles psychiatriques comorbides avec la qualité de vie a également été examinée. Les résultats ont montré une grande variabilité en matière de qualité de vie. Le sous-échantillon qui ne remplissait plus un trouble du spectre autistique avait des emplois ou des études à temps plein (10/11), une vie autonome (100%) et a déclaré avoir deux amis ou plus (100%). Dans le groupe stable du trouble du spectre de l'autisme, 41% avaient un emploi à temps plein ou des études, 51% vivaient indépendamment et 33% ont déclaré deux ou plusieurs amis et une minorité importante avait des emplois spécialisés, vivait avec le soutien du gouvernement ou n'avait pas copains. Le succès scolaire a été corrélé positivement avec le QI. 

Autism. 2017 May;21(4):458-469. doi: 10.1177/1362361316650090. Epub 2016 May 26.

Asperger syndrome in males over two decades: Quality of life in relation to diagnostic stability and psychiatric comorbidity

Helles A^1,2, Gillberg IC¹, Gillberg C¹, Billstedt E¹.

Author information

1

1 University of Gothenburg, Sweden.

2

2 Uppsala University, Sweden.

Abstract

This study examined objective quality of life (work, academic success, living situation, relationships, support system) and subjective quality of life (Sense of Coherence and Short-Form Health Survey-36) in an adult sample of males ( n = 50, mean age: 30 years) with Asperger syndrome diagnosed in childhood and followed prospectively over two decades. The association between long-term diagnostic stability of an autism spectrum disorder and/or comorbid psychiatric disorders with quality of life was also examined. The results showed great variability as regards quality of life. The subsample that no longer fulfilled an autism spectrum disorder had full-time jobs or studies (10/11), independent living (100%), and reported having two or more friends (100%). In the stable autism spectrum disorder group, 41% had full-time job or studies, 51% lived independently, and 33% reported two or more friends, and a significant minority had specialized employments, lived with support from the government, or had no friends. Academic success was positively correlated with IQ. A majority of the total group scored average Sense of Coherence scores, and the mean for Short-Form Health Survey-36 was above average regarding psychical health and below average regarding mental health. Stability of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis was associated with objective but not subjective quality of life, while psychiatric comorbidity was associated with subjective but not objective quality of life.

PMID: 27233289

DOI: 10.1177/1362361316650090

Quelle est la prévalence du trouble du spectre de l'autisme et des traits autistiques dans la psychose? Une revue systématique

Aperçu: les taux de prévalence des TSA et des traits autistiques chez les personnes avec psychose sont beaucoup plus élevés que dans la population générale. Cela a des implications importantes sur les recherches futures, et des implications cliniques afin de s'assurer que les patients reçoivent le diagnostic et le traitement le plus approprié . G.M.

 

Psychiatry Res. 2017 Jan 7;250:99-105. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.017.

What is the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder and ASD traits in psychosis? A systematic review

Kincaid DL¹, Doris M², Shannon C³, Mulholland C².

Author information

• ¹School of Psychology, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK. Electronic address: dscroggie03@qub.ac.uk
• ²Northern Health and Social Care Trust, Antrim, Northern Ireland, UK.
• ³School of Psychology, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.

Abstract

There is increasing evidence to suggest both a symptomatic overlap and a clinically significant degree of co-occurrence between Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia but the nature of such relationships remain unclear. We reviewed the literature reporting prevalence rates of Autistic-like Traits (ALTs) and ASD in populations with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or other psychotic disorder. A search of three large databases was conducted and from this seven studies met the criteria for inclusion. The point prevalence rates for ALTs ranged from 9.6% to 61%, whilst the prevalence rates for diagnosed ASD ranged from <1% to 52% across outpatient and inpatient populations. This suggests that prevalence rates of ALTs and ASD in psychosis populations are much higher than in the general population. This has important implications regarding future research, and clinical implications in terms of ensuring that patients receive the most appropriate diagnosis and treatment.

Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

KEYWORDS:

Asperger's; Autism; Co-morbid; Co-occur; Schizophrenia

PMID: 28152400

DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.017