Aperçu: G.M.
Les personnes avec un diagnostic de "troubles du spectre de l'autisme" (dTSA) présentent souvent des troubles du langage / communication. L'exploration de la différence de traitement sémantique entre les jeunes avec un dTSA et les jeunes au développement typique (TD) est cruciale pour comprendre l'organisation des connaissances sémantiques.
Nous avons trouvé différents substrats neuronaux de la connaissance sémantique entre ces deux groupes. Les jeunes TSA peuvent s’appuyer davantage sur des informations visuelles de niveau inférieur lors des jugements sémantiques, tandis que les jeunes TD ont montré des processus contrôlés de niveau supérieur de représentations sémantiques plus élaborées pour la sélection et l’intégration de mots, de phrases et de phrases.
Autism Res. 2019 Aug 6. doi: 10.1002/aur.2184.
Neural correlates of association strength and categorical relatedness in youths with autism spectrum disorder
Author information
- 1
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- 2
- Imaging Center for Integrated Body, Mind, and Culture Research, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- 3
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
- 4
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- 5
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Abstract
Impaired language and communication are commonly observed in youths with autism
spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, the organization of semantic
knowledge in youths with ASD remains unclear compared to typically
developing (TD) youths. The present study addresses this issue by using
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the distinction
between association strength and categorical relatedness of semantic
knowledge. A sample of 31 male youths with ASD (mean age = 12.1 years,
SD = 1.2) and 38 TD youths (mean age = 11.9 years, SD = 1.0) was
recruited with matched age, gender, and handedness. Participants decided
if two visually presented Chinese characters were semantically related
during fMRI scanning. For weaker association strength, the ASD group
showed greater left cuneus activation, which was positively correlated
with the picture completion for visual perception, whereas the TD group
showed greater middle temporal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus
activation. For higher categorical relatedness, the TD group showed
greater activation than the ASD group in the occipitotemporal cortex and
left precuneus, which was positively correlated with the similarities
for concept formulation. Findings imply that the ASD group may use
lower-level visual information for both association strength and
categorical relatedness. The TD group showed higher-level controlled
processes of more elaborate semantic representations for association
strength and more elaborate features of categorical knowledge for
semantic selection and integration. Autism Res 2019, 00: 1-11. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder
(ASD) often present language/communication impairments. Exploring the
difference of semantic processing between youths with ASD and typically
developing (TD) youths is crucial for understanding the organization of
semantic knowledge. We found different neural substrates of semantic
knowledge between these two groups. ASD youths may rely more on
lower-level visual information during semantic judgments, whereas TD
youths showed higher-level controlled processes of more elaborate
semantic representations for selection and integration of words,
phrases, and sentences.
© 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
- PMID: 31385651
- DOI: 10.1002/aur.2184
