Relations entre les comportements restreints et répétitifs et les aptitudes sociales chez les tout-petits autistes

 Aperçu: G.M.

 Nous avons examiné les relations entre les comportements restreints et répétitifs (CRR :  insistance sur la similitude, les comportements sensori-moteurs répétitifs, l'automutilation) avec les compétences sociales en général et les aspects qui comprennent les compétences sociales telles que mesurées par le VABS-II (capacités d'adaptation, jeu / loisirs temps, relations interpersonnelles) chez les tout-petits de 24 (n = 63) et 36 mois (n = 35), à haut risque familial et diagnostiqués TSA.
Les résultats de la régression linéaire hiérarchique ont indiqué que la répétition sensori-motrice était le meilleur prédicteur des habiletés sociales en général.
Les résultats secondaires ont indiqué que les trois sous-types de CRR étaient associés à chaque sous-domaine de compétences sociales; cependant, les effets sensori-moteurs répétitifs étaient les plus forts et les plus constants parmi ces effets.
Bien que nos résultats suggèrent une relation négative générale entre les sous-types de CRR et les aspects de la fonction sociale adaptative, les comportements sensori-moteurs répétitifs peuvent être particulièrement pertinents pour le développement des compétences sociales pendant la petite enfance.

doi: 10.1007/s10803-021-05014-8. 

Relations of Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors to Social Skills in Toddlers with Autism

Pang Chaxiong  ¹ , Catherine Burrows  ¹ , Kelly N Botteron  ² , Stephen R Dager  ³ , Annette M Estes  ³ , Heather C Hazlett  ⁴ , Robert T Schultz  ⁵ , Lonnie Zwaigenbaum  ⁶ , Joseph Piven ^{#  4} , Jason Wolff ^{#  7} , IBIS Network

Collaborators, Affiliations

• PMID: 33956255
• DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05014-8

Abstract

We examined the relations of restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRB; insistence on sameness, repetitive sensory-motor, self-injurious behavior) to social skills overall and aspects that comprise social skills as measured by the VABS-II (coping skills, play/leisure time, interpersonal relationships) in 24- (n = 63) and 36-month old (n = 35), high-familial-risk toddlers with ASD. Hierarchical linear regression results indicated that repetitive sensory-motor was the best predictor of social skills overall. Secondary results indicated that all three RRB subtypes were associated with each subdomain of social skills; however, repetitive sensory-motor was the strongest and most consistent among these effects. While our results suggests a general negative relation of subtypes of RRB to aspects of adaptive social function, repetitive sensory-motor behaviors may be of particular relevance to the development of social skills during toddlerhood.

Keywords: Autism; Insistence on sameness; Repetitive sensory-motor; Restricted repetitive behavior; Self-injurious behavior; Social skills.

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Différences entre les sexes dans la structure du cerveau: une étude sur les comportements restreints et répétitifs en paires de jumeaux autistes et non autistes

Aperçu : G.M.

Contexte:
Il a été rapporté que les femmes avec un diagnostic de "troubles du spectre de l'autisme" (dTSA) présentent des comportements et des intérêts restreints et répétitifs moins nombreux et moins graves que les hommes. Cette différence pourrait indiquer des altérations spécifiques au sexe des réseaux cérébraux impliqués dans les domaines des symptômes de l'autisme, en particulier au sein des réseaux d'intégration cortico-striatale et sensorielle. Cette étude a utilisé une conception avec jumeaux bien contrôlée pour examiner les différences sexuelles dans l'anatomie cérébrale en relation avec les comportements répétitifs.
Méthodes:
Chez 75 paires de jumeaux (n = 150, 62 femmes, 88 hommes) avec des dTSA (n = 32) et d'autres troubles neurodéveloppementaux (n = 32), nous avons exploré l'association des comportements restreints et répétitifs et des intérêts opérationnalisés par l'Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (domaine C) et l'échelle de réactivité sociale-2 (Intérêts restreints et comportement répétitif sous-échelle IRCR) -avec le volume cortical, la surface et l'épaisseur des réseaux néocorticaux, sous-corticaux et cérébelleux.
Résultats:
Les analyses de contrôle des co-jumeaux ont révélé des associations intra-paire entre les symptômes de IRCR et une augmentation de l'épaisseur du sillon intrapariétal droit et une réduction du volume du gyrus orbital droit chez les femmes uniquement, même si le nombre moyen de IRCR ne différait pas entre les sexes. Dans un sous-échantillon de paires discordantes de TSA, une augmentation de l'épaisseur en association avec les IRCR a été trouvée exclusivement chez les femmes dans les régions orbitofrontales, le gyrus frontal supérieur et le sulcus intrapariétal, tandis que chez les hommes, les IRCR étaient généralement associés à une augmentation du volume du pallidum bilatéral .
Limites:
Cependant, en raison de la petite taille de l'échantillon et de la petite différence dans les symptômes de IRCR au sein des paires, les résultats de cette étude exploratoire doivent être interprétés avec prudence.
Conclusions:
Nos résultats suggèrent que les altérations structurelles des réseaux fronto-pariétaux en association avec les IRCR se trouvent principalement chez les femmes, tandis que les réseaux striataux sont plus affectés chez les hommes. 

Ces résultats confirment l'importance d'étudier les différences entre les sexes dans la neurobiologie des symptômes de l'autisme et indiquent différentes voies étiologiques sous-jacentes aux comportements et intérêts restreints et répétitifs chez les femmes et les hommes.

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Mol Autism. 2019 Dec 31;11:1. doi: 10.1186/s13229-019-0309-x. eCollection 2020.

Sex differences in brain structure: a twin study on restricted and repetitive behaviors in twin pairs with and without autism

Van't Westeinde A^#1,2, Cauvet É^#1,2, Toro R^3,4,5, Kuja-Halkola R⁶, Neufeld J^1,2, Mevel K⁷, Bölte S^1,2,8,9.

Author information

1

1Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders at Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

2

2Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.

3

3Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.

4

CNRS UMR3571, Paris, France.

5

5Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.

6

6Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

7

Laboratory for the Psychology of Child Development and Education, CNRS Unit 8240, Paris-Descartes University and Caen University, Alliance for higher education and research Sorbonne Paris Cité (IDEX), Sorbonne, France.

8

8Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.

9

9Curtin Autism Research Group, School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, WA Australia.

#

Contributed equally

Abstract

Background:

Females with autism spectrum disorder have been reported to exhibit fewer and less severe restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests compared to males. This difference might indicate sex-specific alterations of brain networks involved in autism symptom domains, especially within cortico-striatal and sensory integration networks. This study used a well-controlled twin design to examine sex differences in brain anatomy in relation to repetitive behaviors.

Methods:

In 75 twin pairs (n = 150, 62 females, 88 males) enriched for autism spectrum disorder (n = 32), and other neurodevelopmental disorders (n = 32), we explored the association of restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests-operationalized by the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (C domain) and the Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (Restricted Interests and Repetitive Behavior subscale)-with cortical volume, surface area and thickness of neocortical, sub-cortical, and cerebellar networks.

Results:

Co-twin control analyses revealed within-pair associations between RRBI symptoms and increased thickness of the right intraparietal sulcus and reduced volume of the right orbital gyrus in females only, even though the mean number of RRBIs did not differ between the sexes. In a sub-sample of ASD-discordant pairs, increased thickness in association with RRBIs was found exclusively in females in the orbitofrontal regions, superior frontal gyrus, and intraparietal sulcus, while in males RRBIs tended to be associated with increased volume of the bilateral pallidum.

Limitations:

However, due to a small sample size and the small difference in RRBI symptoms within pairs, the results of this exploratory study need to be interpreted with caution.

Conclusions:

Our findings suggest that structural alterations of fronto-parietal networks in association with RRBIs are found mostly in females, while striatal networks are more affected in males. These results endorse the importance of investigating sex differences in the neurobiology of autism symptoms, and indicate different etiological pathways underlying restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests in females and males.

© The Author(s). 2019.

PMID:31893022

PMCID:PMC6937723

DOI:10.1186/s13229-019-0309-x

Interrelations entre contrôle cognitif, anxiété et comportements limités et répétitifs chez les enfants atteints du syndrome de délétion 22q11.2

Aperçu: G.M.

Les comportements restreints et répétitifs (CRR) sont fréquents chez les personnes atteintes du syndrome de microdélétion 22q11.2 (22q11.2DS), mais les mécanismes sous-jacents de ces comportements restent mal caractérisés. 

Dans la présente enquête pilote, nous voulions approfondir notre compréhension des RRB dans la 22q11.2DS en explorant leur relation avec le contrôle cognitif et l’anxiété, ainsi qu’avec le sexe, l’âge chronologique et le QI complet. Les parents de 38 enfants avec 22q11.2DS (17 filles; Mage = 11,15 ans, SD = 2,46) ont rempli le questionnaire sur la communication sociale en tant que mesure des problèmes de CRR et de problèmes sociaux et de communication (SC) et du système d'évaluation comportementale des enfants-2 en tant que mesure de l'anxiété et du contrôle cognitif. 

Des scores CRR plus élevés étaient associés de manière significative à des niveaux d'anxiété plus élevés (r = 0,44, P = 0,006), à davantage de déficiences du contrôle cognitif (r = 0,56, P <0,001) et à des scores SC plus élevés (r = 0,43, P = 0,011). Dans la première étape du modèle de régression hiérarchique, l’anxiété représentait 24,5% de la variance (F = 10,05, P = 0,003); le contrôle cognitif a représenté 18,1% supplémentaires de la variance (Fchange = 11,15, P <0,001) à la deuxième étape; Le score SC ne représentait que 0,8% de la variance supplémentaire à la troisième étape (Fchange = 0,40, P = 0,53). 

Le modèle final expliquait 43,4% de la variance (F = 7,42, P = 0,001), le contrôle cognitif étant un prédicteur indépendant unique du score CRR (t = 2,52, P = 0,01). 

La présente étude constitue la première exploration du lien contrôle cognitif-anxiété-CRR chez les personnes atteintes de 22q11.2DS et indique que le contrôle cognitif est une cible potentiellement viable pour les traitements visant à réduire le CRR . 

Autism Res. 2019 Aug 21. doi: 10.1002/aur.2194.

Interrelationship Between Cognitive Control, Anxiety, and Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors in Children with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome

Uljarević M^1,2, McCabe KL^3,4, Angkustsiri K^4,5, Simon TJ^3,4, Hardan AY¹.

Author information

1

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California.

2

Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

3

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, California.

4

MIND (Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, University of California, Davis, California.

5

Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California.

Abstract

Restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRB) are common in individuals with 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), yet the underlying mechanisms of these behaviors remain poorly characterized. In the present pilot investigation, we aimed to further our understanding of RRB in 22q11.2DS by exploring their relationship with cognitive control and anxiety as well as with sex, chronological age, and full-scale IQ. Parents of 38 children with 22q11.2DS (17 females; M_age = 11.15 years, SD = 2.46) completed the Social Communication Questionnaire as a measure of RRB and social and communication (SC) problems and the Behavioral Assessment System for Children-2 as a measure of anxiety and cognitive control. Higher RRB scores were significantly associated with higher anxiety levels (r = 0.44, P = 0.006), more impairments in cognitive control (r = 0.56, P < 0.001), and higher SC scores (r = 0.43, P = 0.011). In the first step of the hierarchical regression model, anxiety accounted for 24.5% of variance (F = 10.05, P = 0.003); cognitive control accounted for an additional 18.1% of variance (Fchange = 11.15, P < 0.001) in the second step; SC score accounted for only 0.8% of additional variance in the third step (Fchange = 0.40, P = 0.53). The final model explained 43.4% of variance (F = 7.42, P = 0.001), with cognitive control as a unique independent predictor of RRB score (t = 2.52, P = 0.01). The current study provides the first exploration of the cognitive control-anxiety-RRB link in individuals with 22q11.2DS and points to cognitive control as a potentially viable target for treatments aimed at reducing RRB. Autism Res 2019. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: People with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome show high levels of repetitive behaviors, however, the previous research has not explored why people with this syndrome exhibit high rates of repetitive behaviors. Understanding the reasons for the high levels of repetitive behaviors is important given that these behaviors can be highly impairing. Our study found that repetitive behaviors were associated with impaired ability to self-regulate and high levels of anxiety. These findings need to be further replicated; however, they are important as they suggest potentially promising ways of reducing these behaviors.

© 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

PMID:31433576

DOI:10.1002/aur.2194