04 juin 2021

Brossage des dents chez les enfants avec un diagnostic de "troubles du spectre de l'autisme": analyse qualitative des difficultés parentales et solutions en France

Aperçu: G.M.

Objectif : Les soins bucco-dentaires d'un enfant avec un diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme (dTSA) sont un défi, non seulement pour les dentistes, mais aussi pour les parents. L'objectif de cette étude était d'évaluer les difficultés rencontrées par les parents dans le maintien de l'hygiène bucco-dentaire chez les enfants autistes et les solutions qu'ils ont trouvées pour faciliter cet acte quotidien. 

Méthodes : Un questionnaire à questions fermées et ouvertes sur les caractéristiques de l'enfant et la santé bucco-dentaire à domicile, réalisé via Google Form, a été envoyé aux familles françaises à travers 301 associations de parents d'enfants autistes. Pour l'analyse quantitative, la régression logistique a été utilisée. Les réponses ouvertes ont été analysées par thème. 

Résultats : Cette étude a inclus 756 enfants âgés de 14,4 (± 8,1) ans. Les filles étaient 1,7 (IC à 95 % : 1,1-2,8) fois plus susceptibles d'avoir des difficultés à se brosser les dents que les garçons. Patients non verbaux (OR : 3,2 ; IC à 95 % : 2,2-4,9), patients autistes (OR : 2,8 ; IC à 95 % : 1,4 à 5,2), patients utilisant des pictogrammes (OR : 1,6 ; IC à 95 % : 1,1-2,4) et les enfants plus jeunes (OR : 0,9 ; IC à 95 % : 0,9-0,9) étaient significativement plus susceptibles de rencontrer des difficultés à tolérer le brossage des dents.
L'analyse qualitative a montré que les parents utilisaient trois moyens principaux pour faciliter le brossage des dents : planifier, modéliser et rendre le brossage agréable. Soixante-dix-neuf pour cent des parents ne se sentent pas suffisamment informés sur les différents outils et techniques de prévention de l'hygiène bucco-dentaire pour leurs enfants avec un dTSA et souhaiteraient être sensibilisés à la gestion quotidienne de l'hygiène bucco-dentaire. 

Conclusion : Le rôle des parents reste essentiel et les professionnels doivent travailler en collaboration avec eux.

. 2021 Jun 3.   doi: 10.1007/s40368-021-00640-3. 

Toothbrushing in children with autism spectrum disorders: qualitative analysis of parental difficulties and solutions in France

Affiliations

Abstract

Purpose: The oral care of a child with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a challenge, not only for dentists, but also for parents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the difficulties encountered by parents in maintaining oral hygiene in autistic children and the solutions they found to facilitate this daily act.

Methods: A questionnaire with closed and open questions about characteristics of the child and oral health at home, conducted via Google Form, was sent to French families through 301 associations of parents with autistic children. For the quantitative analysis, logistic regression was used. The open answers were analysed by theme.

Results: This study included 756 offspring aged 14.4 (± 8.1) years. Girls were 1.7 (95% CI: 1.1-2.8) times more likely to have toothbrushing difficulty than boys. Nonverbal patients (OR:3.2; 95% CI: 2.2-4.9), autistic patients (OR:2.8; 95% CI: 1.4-5.2), patients using pictograms (OR:1.6; 95% CI: 1.1-2.4), and younger children (OR:0.9; 95% CI: 0.9-0.9) were significantly more likely to encounter difficulties in tolerating toothbrushing. The qualitative analysis showed that parents used three main ways to facilitate toothbrushing: planning, modelling and making it enjoyable. Seventy-nine percent of parents did not feel sufficiently informed about the different oral hygiene prevention tools and techniques for their ASD children and would like to be educated in the daily management of oral hygiene.

Conclusion: The role of parents remains essential and professionals should work in collaboration with them.

Keywords: Autism spectrum disorders; Parental perception; Qualitative analysis; Toothbrushing.

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