Doctor in MMR row defends stance at disciplinary hearing

Three deny serious professional misconduct
Clinical care of children main concern, GMC told

* Karen McVeigh
* The Guardian

The doctor who first sparked widespread safety fears over the MMR vaccine said yesterday that his paramount concern was "clinical care" for children who had developed autism after being vaccinated.

Giving evidence for the first time at a General Medical Council disciplinary hearing, where he is accused of serious professional misconduct, Dr Andrew Wakefield also denied he was motivated by an interest in litigation. He defended the way he carried out research which caused national controversy and a drop in vaccine rates.

Claims against Wakefield, 51, and two other doctors relate to investigations for their study on 12 children with bowel disorders carried out between 1996 and 1998. It is alleged Wakefield accepted £50,000 for research to support parents' attempts to fight for compensation.

Wakefield said: "In a research capacity, I was fascinated by the possibility that something could be done to help those children in their plight, but it was secondary to getting help for them. The reason those parents were contacting me was nothing to do with litigation."

Wakefield, a senior lecturer and academic who admitted at the hearing he had no knowledge of autism, nor any qualifications in paediatrics or pathology, also denied submitting young children to a series of painful tests in an attempt to stand up his hypothesis.

He said he had "no role whatsoever in determining clinically whether those tests should or shouldn't take place". He said all the tests were ordered by Professor John Walker-Smith, one of his co-accused. He referred to Walker-Smith as "one of the most eminent paediatric gastroenterologists in the world".

Earlier, Wakefield and his wife, Carmel, were cheered by about 60 supporters as they arrived at the hearing in central London.

Wakefield said he first published a paper on a possible link between the measles vaccine and inflammatory bowel problems such as Crohn's disease in 1995, after which he received calls from parents, beginning with the mother of "child two". He said she told him a "compelling story" - that she believed her child had developed autism after receiving the MMR vaccine.

Wakefield, who resigned from the Royal Free hospital in north London over the row, now works at the Thoughtful House Centre for Children in Austin, Texas.

Wakefield, Walker-Smith and the third defendant, Professor Simon Murch, all deny serious professional misconduct. The hearing continues.

Autismes et vaccin: le retour

(Agence Science-Presse)

On croyait la controverse sur l’autisme morte, eh bien la voilà qui resurgit par la façade politique.

Maintes fois avancé, le lien entre vaccination et autisme constitue un mythe. Toutes les hypothèses qui ont été proposées, comme la présence de mercure, se sont révélées, après examens, sans fondements.

Or, voilà que le gouvernement américain rallume le feu. Au début du mois, on apprenait que celui-ci allait compenser un couple de Georgie qui alléguait que l’autisme de sa fille, Hannah, aujourd’hui âgée de 9 ans, avait été causé par les vaccins qui lui ont été administrés en 2000.

La décision du gouvernement ne dit pas spécifiquement que ces vaccins ont causé l’autisme, mais que les vaccins auraient « aggravé » un trouble cellulaire déjà existant —un trouble au niveau des mitochondries. Les experts interrogés un peu partout se sont dit stupéfaits —et inquiets de l’impact que cela pourrait avoir sur les campagnes de vaccination, avec tous les risques que cela entraînerait pour la santé publique. Le ministère de la Santé a refusé de commenter, et les documents relatifs à la décision n’ont pas été rendu publics.

Quelque 5000 autres familles ont déposé des plaintes similaires. Le quotidien Atlanta Journal and Constitution parle de deux autres familles qui ont déposé des plaintes similaires à celle de la famille d’Hannah, pointant du doigt le thimérosal, un des composés du vaccin à base de mercure, comme étant la cause de l’autisme. Ces deux causes doivent arriver en cour en mai.

Or, la piste du thimérosal a bel et bien été fouillée ces dernières années. Au Danemark, le thimérosal avait été éliminé des vaccins infantiles dès 1992. Une étude menée dans ce pays au début des années 2000 a révélé qu’après 1992, le nombre de cas d’autisme a... continué de grimper. Cette année encore, trois études distinctes ont échoué à trouver un lien entre thimérosal et autisme. L’une d’elles, publiée en janvier dans les Archives of General Psychiatry, a révélé qu’après le retrait du thimérosal des vaccins administrés en Californie, le taux d’autisme n’a pas baissé... là aussi, il a continué d’augmenter!

L’augmentation pourrait être une affaire de diagnostic. Il y a longtemps qu'on ne parle plus d’un autisme, mais de plusieurs degrés d’autisme, et les diagnostics se sont considérablement raffinés depuis l'époque où ces enfants étaient confondus avec les déficients mentaux.

L’autisme est un problème neurologique dont on ignore la cause; elle pourrait être génétique. Les symptômes n’apparaissent pas clairement avant l’âge de 3 ans —soit quelques mois après la vaccination contre la rougeole et la rubéole. Plusieurs médecins croient que c’est la raison pour laquelle tant de parents font spontanément ce lien.

Leaky gut autism theory doubted

BBC News

Children with autism do not appear to leak damaging proteins from their intestines, a study into the so-called "leaky gut" theory has suggested.

It has been claimed autistic children cannot fully digest proteins found in many foods - and that the resulting peptides escape and affect the brain.

But UK researchers found children with autism did not have more peptides in their urine than a control group.

They have published their findings in the Archives of Diseases in Childhood.

The "leaky gut" theory is based in part on the idea that vaccines such as MMR - given to immunise against measles, mumps and rubella - damage the wall of the intestines.

This causes the digestive problems which lead to the production of peptides, the theory goes.

To try to counter the effects of this, some parents of autistic children then reduce the amount of proteins such as gluten - found in wheat, oats, rye and barley - and casein - found in dairy products, such as milk, cheese and yogurt - in their child's diet.

Looking for a cure

But a team from Great Ormond Street Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital and the University of Edinburgh have found no evidence of a higher level of peptides in the urine of autistic children.

They looked at 65 boys with autism and 158 without.

"It is very distressing to have a diagnosis of autism, a lifelong condition. Many families are driven to try out interventions which currently have no scientific basis," said Dr Hilary Cass of Great Ormond Street.

"Advocates of the leaky gut theory offer children a casein and gluten-free diet which as yet lacks an evidence base. Our research throws serious scientific doubt on the putative scientific basis of that diet."

But Paul Whiteley of the Autism Research Unit at Sunderland University said while the study appeared to have ruled out one reason why a gluten and casein-free diet may work, that did not mean it was not effective for some sufferers.

"It is very good news that more research is being carried out in this area. But evidence suggest that the diet does have beneficial effects for a proportion of those with autism, many of whom do suffer from bowel problems," he said.

"We need further investigation to find out if there are other reasons why it may work."

Benet Middleton of the National Autistic Society said there was an "urgent need" for more research into the efficacy of special diets for thos with autism.

"We are aware of anecdotal support for some dietary interventions, particularly those involving the exclusion of wheat and dairy products," he said.

"There is limited evidence about whether or not these diets are effective and concerns have been raised about their unregulated use."