Association entre les "troubles du spectre de l'autisme" et les changements dans le traitement auditif central chez les enfants

Aperçu: G.M.

Objectif :
Vérifier les preuves scientifiques sur l'association entre le "trouble du spectre de l'autisme" et le trouble du traitement auditif central chez les enfants, visant à répondre à la question de recherche suivante : quelle est l'association entre le "spectre de l'autisme" et l'altération du traitement auditif chez les enfants ?

Méthodes :
Les études ont été choisies grâce à la combinaison basée sur les termes de titre de sujet médical (MeSH) : [(traitement auditif) et (enfants) et (autisme) et (troubles neurologiques)]. Les bases de données MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS et SciELO ont été utilisées. Les articles analysés couvraient une période de dix ans, de 2010 à 2020. Nous avons sélectionné des études descriptives, transversales, de cohorte et de cas. Nous avons évalué la qualité des articles, qui avaient un score minimum de six dans l'échelle modifiée de la littérature. 

Résultats :
126 articles ont été récupérés après la phase d'exclusion, et 17 d'entre eux ont suivi les critères d'inclusion. Seuls deux articles ont répondu à la question directrice avec des résultats audiologiques.

Conclusions :
Les patients diagnostiqués avec un "trouble du spectre de l'autisme" peuvent présenter des troubles du traitement auditif central, étant donné que des changements ont été trouvés à la fois dans les latences absolues et inter-pics dans l'audiométrie de réponse évoquée du tronc cérébral, ainsi que dans la latence et la latéralité de l'amplitude de l'onde N1c.
En outre, il y avait des changements dans le traitement auditif comportemental de l'évaluation. Ainsi, les troubles du traitement auditif central sont fréquents chez les enfants avec un diagnostic de "troubles du spectre de l'autisme".  

. 2021 Jun 9;S0104-42302021005002209.  doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.67.01.20200588. 

Association between autism spectrum disorder and changes in the central auditory processing in children

Laura Faustino Gonçalves  ¹ , Karina Mary Paiva  ¹ , Fernanda Soares Aurélio Patatt  ² , Janaina Viana Stolz  ³ , Patrícia Haas  ¹

Affiliations

• PMID: 34133699
• DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.67.01.20200588

Abstract

Objective: To verify the scientific evidence on the association between Autistic Spectrum Disorder and Central Auditory Processing Disorder in children, aiming to answer the following research question: What is the association between Autistic Spectrum and Alteration of Auditory Processing in Children?

Methods: Studies were chosen through the combination based on the Medical Subject Heading Terms (MeSH): [(auditory processing) and (children) and (autism) and (neurological disorders)]. The MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS, and SciELO databases were used. The analyzed papers covered a ten-year period, from 2010 to 2020. We selected descriptive, cross-sectional, cohort, and case studies. We evaluated the quality of the papers, which had a minimum score of six in the modified scale of the literature.

Results: 126 papers were retrieved after the exclusion phase, and 17 of them followed the inclusion criteria. Only two papers answered the guiding question with audiological results.

Conclusions: Patients diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorder may have disturbance central auditory processing, considering that changes were found both in absolute and interpeak latencies in the brainstem evoked response audiometry, as well as in latency and laterality of the N1c wave amplitude. In addition, there were changes in the assessment behavioral auditory processing. Thus, disturbance central auditory processing is common in children with autistic spectrum disorder.

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Déploiement de l'attention auditive chez les jeunes adultes avec un diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme"

Aperçu: G.M.

La difficulté à écouter dans des environnements bruyants est une plainte fréquente des personnes avec un diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme" (dTSA). Cependant, les mécanismes sous-jacents à ces défis de traitement auditif sont inconnus. 

Cette étude préliminaire a examiné le déploiement de l'attention auditive chez les adultes avec un dTSA. Les participants ont été invités à maintenir ou à changer l'attention entre deux flux vocaux simultanés dans trois conditions: emplacement (co-localisé contre ± 30 ° de séparation), voix (même voix contre contraste homme-femme) et les deux signaux ensemble. 

Les résultats ont montré que les personnes avec un dTSA peuvent diriger l'attention de manière sélective en utilisant l'emplacement ou les indices vocaux, mais la performance était meilleure lorsque les deux signaux étaient présents. En comparaison avec les adultes neurotypiques, la performance globale était moins précise dans toutes les conditions. 

Ces résultats justifient une enquête plus approfondie sur les différences de déploiement de l'attention auditive chez les personnes avec un TSA.

. 2021 May 19.  doi: 10.1007/s10803-021-05076-8. 

Auditory Attention Deployment in Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Katherine A Emmons  ¹ , Adrian Kc Lee  ^{2   3} , Annette Estes  ^{1   2} , Stephen Dager  ⁴ , Eric Larson  ³ , Daniel R McCloy  ³ , Tanya St John  ¹ , Bonnie K Lau  ^{5   6}

Affiliations

• PMID: 34013478
• DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05076-8

Abstract

Difficulty listening in noisy environments is a common complaint of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the mechanisms underlying such auditory processing challenges are unknown. This preliminary study investigated auditory attention deployment in adults with ASD. Participants were instructed to maintain or switch attention between two simultaneous speech streams in three conditions: location (co-located versus ± 30° separation), voice (same voice versus male-female contrast), and both cues together. Results showed that individuals with ASD can selectively direct attention using location or voice cues, but performance was best when both cues were present. In comparison to neurotypical adults, overall performance was less accurate across all conditions. These findings warrant further investigation into auditory attention deployment differences in individuals with ASD.

Keywords: Auditory attention; Auditory processing; Autism spectrum disorder; Selective attention; Speech perception.

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