Aperçu: G.M.
Des travaux récents ont suggéré des réponses de récompense neuronales atypiques chez les personnes avec un diagnostic de "troubles du spectre de l'autisme (dTSA), en particulier pour les renforçateurs sociaux. On en sait moins sur les réponses neuronales à des intérêts restreints et peu d'études ont examiné la réponse aux récompenses dans un contexte d'apprentissage. Nous avons étudié les différences neurophysiologiques dans l'apprentissage par renforcement entre les adolescents avec dTSA et les adolescents au développement typique (TD) (27 dTSA, 31 TD).
Un IRMf a été réalisé lors d'une tâche d'apprentissage au cours de laquelle les participants ont choisi l'une des deux portes pour révéler un résultat d'image. Les portes différaient quant à leur probabilité de montrer des images aimées et non aimées, individualisées pour chaque participant. Les participants ont choisi la porte jumelée avec les images préférées, mais pas la porte jumelée avec les images non-aimées, ce qui est nettement supérieur à la chance et l’attribution de choix ne diffère pas entre les groupes. Fait intéressant, les participants avec dTSA ont fait des choix moins conformes à leurs préférences initiales. Nous avons trouvé une réponse neuronale prédictive-erreur au moment du résultat dans les cortex cingulaire préfrontal et postérieur ventromédial qui ne différait pas entre les groupes.
Ensemble, les résultats comportementaux et neuronaux suggèrent que l'apprentissage avec les résultats des intérêts individuels n'est pas différent entre les individus avec et sans dTSA, ce qui ajoute à notre compréhension des aspects motivationnels du TSA.
Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2019 May 28;38:100668. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100668.
Learning with individual-interest outcomes in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Schuetze M1, Cho IYK2, Vinette S3, Rivard KB4, Rohr CS5, Ten Eycke K6, Cozma A3, McMorris C7, McCrimmon A8, Dewey D9, Bray SL10.
Author information
- 1
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Canada. Electronic address: manuschuetze@gmail.com.
- 2
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Foothills Campus, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
- 3
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Canada.
- 4
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada.
- 5
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Foothills Campus, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
- 6
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada.
- 7
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada; Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada.
- 8
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada; Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
- 9
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, 3D10, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
- 10
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Foothills Campus, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada.
Abstract
Recent work has suggested atypical neural reward responses in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder
(ASD), particularly for social reinforcers. Less is known about neural
responses to restricted interests and few studies have investigated
response to rewards in a learning context. We investigated
neurophysiological differences in reinforcement learning between
adolescents with ASD and typically developing (TD) adolescents (27 ASD,
31 TD). FMRI was acquired during a learning task in which participants
chose one of two doors to reveal an image outcome. Doors differed in
their probability of showing liked and not-liked images, which were
individualized for each participant. Participants chose the door paired
with liked images, but not the door paired with not-liked images,
significantly above chance and choice allocation did not differ between
groups. Interestingly, participants with ASD made choices less
consistent with their initial door preferences. We found a neural
prediction-error response at the time of outcome in the ventromedial
prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortices that did not differ between
groups. Together, behavioural and neural findings suggest that learning
with individual interest outcomes is not different between individuals
with and without ASD, adding to our understanding of motivational
aspects of ASD.
Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
- PMID:31174061
- DOI:10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100668
