Caractéristiques cliniques et individuelles associées au stress maternel chez les jeunes adolescents avec un diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme"

Aperçu: G.M.

Les parents de personnes avec un diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autismeé vivent à la fois des événements stressants négatifs et positifs. Plusieurs caractéristiques cliniques et sociodémographiques des enfants autistes ont été associées au stress parental dans leur famille. Cependant, peu d'études se sont concentrées sur les adolescents et le rôle de la déficience cognitive a rarement été abordé.
L'objectif principal de la présente recherche est d'explorer les associations entre les symptômes de l'autisme, les troubles cognitifs, les problèmes émotionnels et comportementaux, les caractéristiques sociodémographiques et le stress maternel chez un échantillon de jeunes adolescents avec un diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme" avec et sans troubles cognitifs.
La déficience cognitive et les problèmes émotionnels et comportementaux sont associés au stress maternel, tandis que les symptômes de l'autisme semblent jouer un rôle mineur.
L'éducation et la profession de la mère ne sont associées au stress maternel que dans le groupe ayant une déficience cognitive, tandis que l'âge maternel est associé au stress dans le groupe d'adolescentes sans déficience cognitive. 

Les implications liées à l'âge pour l'intervention et les orientations futures de la recherche sont discutées.

. 2021 May 20.  doi: 10.1002/aur.2539. 

Clinical and individual features associated with maternal stress in young adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

Francesco Scibelli  ¹ , Elisa Fucà  ¹ , Silvia Guerrera  ¹ , Elisabetta Lupi  ¹ , Paolo Alfieri  ¹ , Giovanni Valeri  ¹ , Stefano Vicari  ^{1   2}

Affiliations

• PMID: 34013607
• DOI: 10.1002/aur.2539

Abstract

Parents of people with autism spectrum disorder experience both negative stressful and positive events. Several clinical and socio-demographic features of children on the autism spectrum have been associated with parenting stress in their families. However, there have been few studies that focus on adolescents and the role of cognitive impairment has rarely been addressed. The main aim of the present research is to explore associations between autism symptoms, cognitive impairment, emotional and behavioral problems, socio-demographic features, and maternal stress in a sample of young adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder with and without cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment and emotional and behavioral problems are associated with maternal stress, while autism symptoms seem to play a minor role. Maternal education and occupation are only associated with maternal stress in the group with cognitive impairment, while maternal age is stress-associated in the group of adolescents without cognitive impairment. Age-related implications for intervention and future research directions are discussed. LAY SUMMARY: Parents of individuals on the autism spectrum are exposed to both negative stressful and enriching experiences during their parenthood. While the influence of several child characteristics and socio-demographic features on parental stress during childhood has been widely explored in past studies, studies on teenagers are limited. The aim of the present research is to explore the influence of several characteristics on maternal stress levels in families with teenagers on the autism spectrum. We found that cognitive impairment and emotional and behavioral problems are associated with maternal stress, while autism symptoms seem to play a minor role. Socio-demographic features are not associated with maternal stress. Broadly speaking, the subjective perception of parental distress in both groups is less related to teenagers' characteristics then the perception of having a difficult interaction with the teenagers. We divided our participants into two groups (one group with cognitive impairment and the other group without). We found that mothers of teenagers with cognitive impairment are generally more stressed compared to the other group. Furthermore, we confirm that emotional and behavioral problems seem to play a major role in maternal stress (especially in the group without cognitive impairment), while autism symptoms seem to play a minor role. Furthermore, we found that maternal education/occupation and maternal age are associated with maternal stress in the group with and the group without cognitive impairment respectively. This research highlights the association between several variables and stress in mothers of adolescents on the spectrum. Results are discussed in the framework of previous findings highlighting the lack of adequate care and support services for families, especially for those of adolescents on the spectrum with cognitive impairment.

Keywords: adolescence; autism symptoms; cognitive; emotional and behavioral problems; maternal stress; parent mediated therapy; socio-demographic features.

© 2021 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

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Auto perception des compétences chez les adolescents avec un diagnostic de troubles du spectre de l'autisme

Traduction: G.M.

 

Autism Res. 2015 May 13. doi: 10.1002/aur.1491.

Self-perception of competencies in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders

Furlano R¹, Kelley EA¹, Hall L¹, Wilson DE¹.

Author information

• ¹From the Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.

Abstract

Research has demonstrated that, despite difficulties in multiple domains, children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) show a lack of awareness of these difficulties. A misunderstanding of poor competencies may make it difficult for individuals to adjust their behaviour in accordance with feedback and may lead to greater impairments over time. This study examined self-perceptions of adolescents with ASD (n = 19) and typically developing (TD) mental-age-matched controls (n = 22) using actual performance on objective academic tasks as the basis for ratings. Before completing the tasks, participants were asked how well they thought they would do (pre-task prediction). After completing each task, they were asked how well they thought they did (immediate post-performance) and how well they would do in the future (hypothetical future post-performance). Adolescents with ASD had more positively biased self-perceptions of competence than TD controls. The ASD group tended to overestimate their performance on all ratings of self-perceptions (pre-task prediction, immediate, and hypothetical future post-performance). In contrast, while the TD group was quite accurate at estimating their performance immediately before and after performing the task, they showed some tendency to overestimate their future performance. Future investigation is needed to systematically examine possible mechanisms that may be contributing to these biased self-perceptions.

Autism Res 2015. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

© 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Résumé

La recherche a démontré que, malgré les difficultés dans plusieurs domaines, les enfants présentant des troubles du spectre de l'autisme (TSA) manifestent un manque de prise de conscience de ces difficultés. Une confusion de faibles compétences, peut rendre difficile pour les personnes l'ajustement de leur comportement en conformité avec la rétroaction et peut entraîner d'importantes dépréciations au fil du temps. Cette étude a examiné la perception de soi des adolescents  avec TSA (n = 19) et des adolescents contrôle avec un développement typique (TD) appariés selon l'âge (n = 22) en utilisant la performance réelle sur des tâches académiques objectives comme base de cotation. Avant de remplir les tâches, il a été demandé aux participants ont demandé comment ils s'ils pensaient bien réussir (prévision pré-tâche). Après exécution de chaque tâche, on leur a demandé comment ils pensaient avoir réussi (post-exécution immédiate) et la façon dont ils le feraient dans le futur (hypothétique futur post-performance). Les adolescents avec TSA avaient plus positivement biaisé la perception de soi de compétence que les adolescents TD du groupe contrôle. Le groupe TSA tend à surestimer sa performance sur toutes les évaluations de perception de soi (de prévision pré-tâche, immédiate, et hypothétique  post-performance future). En revanche, alors que le groupe  TD était tout à fait juste dans l'estimation immédiate de leur performance avant et après l'exécution de la tâche, ils ont montré une certaine tendance à surestimer leur rendement futur. Une future investigation est nécessaire afin d'examiner systématiquement les mécanismes possibles qui peuvent contribuer à ces auto-perceptions biaisées.

PMID: 25974323