Aperçu: G.M.
Les
dendrites et les épines dendritiques sont les principales structures neuronales qui
reçoivent l'apport d'autres neurones et des cellules gliales. Le
nombre, la taille et la morphologie de la dendritie et de l'épine dendritique sont certains des facteurs cruciaux qui déterminent comment
les signaux provenant des synapses individuelles sont intégrés.
Dans
l'ensemble, les données obtenues à partir de modèles humains et animaux
indiquent une réduction généralisée de la taille et du nombre, ainsi
qu'une altération de la morphologie des dendrites; Et
une augmentation de la densité des épines dendritiques avec une
morphologie immature, ce qui indique un état général d'immaturité des épines dendritiques dans l'autisme.
Dev Neurobiol. 2017 Apr;77(4):393-404. doi: 10.1002/dneu.22417. Epub 2016 Aug 30.
Dendrite and spine modifications in autism and related neurodevelopmental disorders in patients and animal models
Martínez-Cerdeño V1,2,3.
Author information
- 1
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, California.
- 2
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine and Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, North California, Sacramento, California.
- 3
- MIND Institute, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California.
Abstract
Dendrites
and spines are the main neuronal structures receiving input from other
neurons and glial cells. Dendritic and spine number, size, and
morphology are some of the crucial factors determining how signals
coming from individual synapses are integrated. Much remains to be
understood about the characteristics of neuronal dendrites and dendritic
spines in autism and related disorders. Although there have been many studies conducted using autism mouse models, few have been carried out using postmortem human tissue from patients. Available animal models of autism
include those generated through genetic modifications and those
non-genetic models of the disease. Here, we review how dendrite and
spine morphology and number is affected in autism and related neurodevelopmental diseases, both in human, and genetic and non-genetic animal models of autism.
Overall, data obtained from human and animal models point to a
generalized reduction in the size and number, as well as an alteration
of the morphology of dendrites; and an increase in spine densities with
immature morphology, indicating a general spine immaturity state in autism.
Additional human studies on dendrite and spine number and morphology in
postmortem tissue are needed to understand the properties of these
structures in the cerebral cortex of patients with autism. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 419-437, 2017.
© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
- PMID: 27390186
- PMCID: PMC5219951 [Available on 2018-04-01]
- DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22417
