Aperçu: G.M.
La
perception de la parole dans les environnements bruyants est stimulée
lorsqu'un auditeur peut voir la bouche du locuteur et intégrer les
informations auditives et visuelles de la parole. Les
enfants autistes ont une capacité réduite à intégrer l'information
sensorielle à travers les modalités, ce qui contribue aux symptômes de
base de l'autisme, tels que les déficits dans la communication
sociale. L'étude explore les capacités des enfants autistes et les enfants au développement typique (TD) à intégrer les stimuli auditifs et visuels dans
divers rapports signal / bruit (SNR).
Au
niveau de la reconnaissance des phonèmes, les enfants autistes ont
présenté une performance réduite par rapport à leurs pairs TD dans les
modalités auditives, visuelles et audiovisuelles. Cependant,
contrairement à leur performance au niveau de la reconnaissance des
mots entiers, les enfants autistes et TD ont montré des avantages de
l'intégration multisensorielle pour la reconnaissance du phonème.
Ainsi,
alors que les enfants autistes présentaient des bénéfices multisensoriels typiques lors de la reconnaissance du phonème, ces
avantages ne se traduisaient pas par un avantage multisensoriel typique
de la reconnaissance du mot entier dans les environnements bruyants.
Nous
posons l'hypothèse que les déficiences sensorielles chez les enfants
autistes augmentent le seuil de SNR nécessaire pour extraire des
informations significatives à partir d'une entrée sensorielle donnée, ce
qui entraîne la non-présentation des avantages comportementaux
d'informations sensorielles supplémentaires au niveau de la
reconnaissance de mots entiers
Autism Res. 2017 Mar 24. doi: 10.1002/aur.1776.
Multisensory speech perception in autism spectrum disorder: From phoneme to whole-word perception
Stevenson RA1,2, Baum SH3, Segers M4, Ferber S5,6, Barense MD5,6, Wallace MT7,8,9,10,11.
Author information
- 1
- Department of Psychology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- 2
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- 3
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
- 4
- York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- 5
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- 6
- Rotman Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- 7
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN.
- 8
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- 9
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN.
- 10
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
- 11
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN.
Abstract
Speech
perception in noisy environments is boosted when a listener can see the
speaker's mouth and integrate the auditory and visual speech
information. Autistic children have a diminished capacity to integrate sensory information across modalities, which contributes to core symptoms of autism, such as impairments in social communication. We investigated the abilities of autistic
and typically-developing (TD) children to integrate auditory and visual
speech stimuli in various signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). Measurements of
both whole-word and phoneme recognition were recorded. At the level of
whole-word recognition, autistic children exhibited reduced performance in both the auditory and audiovisual modalities. Importantly, autistic
children showed reduced behavioral benefit from multisensory
integration with whole-word recognition, specifically at low SNRs. At
the level of phoneme recognition, autistic
children exhibited reduced performance relative to their TD peers in
auditory, visual, and audiovisual modalities. However, and in contrast
to their performance at the level of whole-word recognition, both autistic
and TD children showed benefits from multisensory integration for
phoneme recognition. In accordance with the principle of inverse
effectiveness, both groups exhibited greater benefit at low SNRs
relative to high SNRs. Thus, while autistic
children showed typical multisensory benefits during phoneme
recognition, these benefits did not translate to typical multisensory
benefit of whole-word recognition in noisy environments. We hypothesize
that sensory impairments in autistic
children raise the SNR threshold needed to extract meaningful
information from a given sensory input, resulting in subsequent failure
to exhibit behavioral benefits from additional sensory information at
the level of whole-word recognition. Autism Res 2017. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
© 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
- PMID: 28339177
- DOI: 10.1002/aur.1776
