Les garçons avec un diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme" ont des plis corticaux distincts qui sous-tendent leur autorégulation altérée: une étude de morphométrie basée sur la surface

Aperçu:G.M.

Bien que l’autorégulation altérée (dysrégulation) dans le trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) ait suscité une prise de conscience croissante, le mécanisme neural de la dysrégulation dans le TSA est loin d’être concluant. 

Pour compléter nos résultats de morphométrie à base de voxels précédents, nous avons estimé l’épaisseur corticale, la surface spécifique et l’indice de gyrification locale en nous basant sur la morphométrie de surface obtenue à partir d’images IRM structurelles réalisées sur 85 garçons avec un diagnostic de TSA (dTSA) et 65 garçons au développement typique (DT), âgés de 7 à 17 ans. Les niveaux de dysrégulation ont été mesurés par la somme des scores T des sous-échelles Attention, Agression et Anxiété / Dépression de la liste de contrôle du comportement de l'enfant. 

Nous avons constaté que les garçons avec un dTSA et les DT partageaient des relations similaires entre la dysrégulation et les modèles de repliement cortical dans le gyrus temporal supérieur et inférieur gauche et dans le cortex prémoteur gauche. Un diagnostic significatif par des interactions de dérégulation dans les modèles de repliement cortical a été identifié sur les régions orbitofrontales frontale moyenne droite et latérale droite. La signification statistique d'un indice de gyrification local plus élevé chez les garçons avec un dTSA que les garçons DT dans plusieurs régions du cerveau a disparu lorsque le niveau de dysrégulation a été pris en compte. 

Les résultats de corrélations neuronales partagées et distinctes à la base de la dysrégulation entre TSA et DT pourraient faciliter la mise au point d'interventions ciblées à l'avenir. 

Le présent travail démontre également que les variations inter-sujets de l'autorégulation peuvent expliquer certaines étendues de différences morphométriques cérébrales associées aux TSA, suggérant probablement que la dysrégulation est l'un des critères permettant de disséquer l'hétérogénéité des TSA.

Brain Imaging Behav. 2019 Sep 11. doi: 10.1007/s11682-019-00199-0.

Boys with autism spectrum disorder have distinct cortical folding patterns underpinning impaired self-regulation: a surface-based morphometry study

Ni HC^1,2, Lin HY³, Chen YC^1,3, Tseng WI^4,5, Gau SS^6,7,8.

Author information

1

Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.

2

Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.

3

Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, 10002, Taipei, Taiwan.

4

Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.

5

Institute of Medical Device and Imaging, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.

6

Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. gaushufe@ntu.edu.tw.

7

Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, 10002, Taipei, Taiwan. gaushufe@ntu.edu.tw.

8

Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. gaushufe@ntu.edu.tw.

Abstract

Although impaired self-regulation (dysregulation) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) garnered increasing awareness, the neural mechanism of dysregulation in ASD are far from conclusive. To complement our previous voxel-based morphometry findings, we estimated the cortical thickness, surface area, and local gyrification index based on the surface-based morphometry from structural MRI images in 85 ASD and 65 typically developing control (TDC) boys, aged 7-17 years. Levels of dysregulation were measured by the sum of T-scores of Attention, Aggression, and Anxiety/Depression subscales on the Child Behavior Checklist. We found both ASD and TDC shared similar relationships between dysregulation and cortical folding patterns in the left superior and inferior temporal gyri and the left premotor cortex. Significant diagnosis by dysregulation interactions in cortical folding patterns were identified over the right middle frontal and right lateral orbitofrontal regions. The statistical significance of greater local gyrification index in ASD than TDC in several brain regions disappeared when the level of dysregulation was considered. The findings of shared and distinct neural correlates underpinning dysregulation between ASD and TDC may facilitate the development of targeted interventions in the future. The present work also demonstrates that inter-subject variations in self-regulation may explain some extents of ASD-associated brain morphometric differences, likely suggesting that dysregulation is one of the yardsticks for dissecting the heterogeneity of ASD.

PMID:31512098

DOI:10.1007/s11682-019-00199-0

Dissociations dans les substrats neuronaux du langage et du fonctionnement social dans les "troubles du spectre de l'autisme"

Aperçu: G.M.

La présente étude examine les associations entre la structure du cerveau et la capacité de communication linguistique / sociale chez les adolescents et les jeunes adultes avec un diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme" (dTSA) par rapport aux adolescents et jeunes adultes neurotypiques. Les chercheurs ont utilisé l'épaisseur du cortex cérébral comme mesure de la structure cérébrale et ont trouvé différentes corrélations entre la capacité du langage ou de la communication sociale et l'épaisseur corticale dans des régions distinctes pour les groupes TSA et TD.  

Ces résultats suggèrent que pour les régions impliquées dans la capacité de communication linguistique / sociale, une diminution de l'épaisseur corticale est associée à une altération accrue du langage pragmatique et des capacités de communication sociale des TSA.

Autism Res. 2018 Aug;11(8):1175-1186. doi: 10.1002/aur.1969.

Dissociations in the neural substrates of language and social functioning in autism spectrum disorder

Crutcher J¹, Martin A¹, Wallace GL^1,2.

Author information

1

Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland.

2

Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia.

Abstract

Impairments in social communication (coupled with intact nonsocial language skills) are common in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the neural correlates of these social communication deficits in adolescents and young adults with ASD are not fully understood. The communication checklist self-report (CC-SR) was administered to adolescents and young adults with ASD (n = 52) and typically developing (TD) controls (n = 64) to assess structural-language, pragmatic-language, and social-engagement. One high-resolution T1-weighted structural image was obtained from each participant. FreeSurfer was used to quantify cortical thickness. A main effect of diagnosis, with the ASD group performing worse than the TD group on all three CC-SR scales, and a diagnosis by scale interaction, driven by low social-engagement self-ratings in the ASD group, were found. There were also group differences in the relationship between scores on two of the three CC-SR scales and cortical thickness in multiple regions (pragmatic-language: left rostral frontal; social-engagement: left medial prefrontal). These interactions were driven by poorer self-ratings of language/social skills associated with decreased cortical thickness in the ASD group, while in the TD group worse self-ratings were associated with thicker cortex. Self-ratings of language/social-communication were lower in the ASD than the TD group. Moreover, language/social-communication self-ratings showed a different relationship with cortical thickness for the ASD and TD groups in the left inferior frontal region for pragmatic language ratings and the left medial prefrontal cortex for social engagement ratings. These findings suggest thinner cortex is associated with more impaired pragmatic language and social communication abilities in ASD. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1175-1186. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: The present study examines the associations between brain structure and language/social communication ability in adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as compared to neurotypical adolescents and young adults. We utilized thickness of the cerebral cortex as a measure of brain structure, and we found different correlations between language or social communication ability and cortical thickness in distinct regions for the ASD and TD groups. These findings suggest that for regions implicated in language/social communication ability, decreased cortical thickness is associated with more impaired pragmatic language and social communication abilities in ASD.

PMID:30365251

DOI:1.1002/aur.1969

Tirer parti des archives d'imagerie clinique pour Radiomics: fiabilité des méthodes automatisées pour la mesure du volume du cerveau

Aperçu: G.M.

En utilisant ces méthodes automatisées, le volume total du cerveau (TBV), le volume de la matière grise (GM) et le volume de la matière blanche (WM) ont été estimés en utilisant trois Boîtes à outils automatiques largement utilisées: SPM , FreeSurfer  et FSL.

Des comparaisons de volume en couches minces contre épaisseur ont été faites pour chaque méthode en utilisant des coefficients de corrélation intraclasse (ICC). Les résultats SPM ont montré d'excellents ICC (0,97, 0,85 et 0,83 pour TBV, GMV et WMV, respectivement).

Des images IRM de qualité clinique pour l'épaisseur peuvent être utilisées avec fiabilité pour calculer des paramètres quantitatifs du cerveau tels que TBV, GMV et WMV en utilisant SPM.  

Radiology. 2017 Apr 27:161928. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2017161928.

Leveraging Clinical Imaging Archives for Radiomics: Reliability of Automated Methods for Brain Volume Measurement

Adduru VR¹, Michael AM¹, Helguera M¹, Baum SA¹, Moore GJ¹.

Author information

1

From the Institute for Advanced Application (V.R.A., A.M.M., G.J.M.), Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute (A.M.M.), and Department of Radiology (G.J.M.), Geisinger Health System, 100 N Academy Ave, Danville, PA 17822; and Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY (V.R.A., A.M.M., M.H., S.A.B.).

Abstract

Purpose To validate the use of thick-section clinically acquired magnetic resonance (MR) imaging data for estimating total brain volume (TBV), gray matter (GM) volume (GMV), and white matter (WM) volume (WMV) by using three widely used automated toolboxes: SPM ( www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/ ), FreeSurfer ( surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu ), and FSL (FMRIB software library; Oxford Centre for Functional MR Imaging of the Brain, Oxford, England, https://fsl.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl ). Materials and Methods MR images from a clinical archive were used and data were deidentified. The three methods were applied to estimate brain volumes from thin-section research-quality brain MR images and routine thick-section clinical MR images acquired from the same 38 patients (age range, 1-71 years; mean age, 22 years; 11 women). By using these automated methods, TBV, GMV, and WMV were estimated. Thin- versus thick-section volume comparisons were made for each method by using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Results SPM exhibited excellent ICCs (0.97, 0.85, and 0.83 for TBV, GMV, and WMV, respectively). FSL exhibited ICCs of 0.69, 0.51, and 0.60 for TBV, GMV, and WMV, respectively, but they were lower than with SPM. FreeSurfer exhibited excellent ICC of 0.63 only for TBV. Application of SPM's voxel-based morphometry on the modulated images of thin-section images and interpolated thick-section images showed fair to excellent ICCs (0.37-0.98) for the majority of brain regions (88.47% [306924 of 346916 voxels] of WM and 80.35% [377 282 of 469 502 voxels] of GM). Conclusion Thick-section clinical-quality MR images can be reliably used for computing quantitative brain metrics such as TBV, GMV, and WMV by using SPM. ^© RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

PMID: 28448234

DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017161928

Pathologie insulaire chez les jeunes avec un diagnostic d'autisme avec un haut fonctionnement cognitif et premier épisode psychotique

Aperçu: G.M.

Les troubles du spectre de l'autisme (TSA) et la psychose partagent des déficits de la cognition sociale. La région insulaire a été associée à la conscience de soi et de la réalité, ce qui peut être fondamental pour des interactions sociales appropriées.

Le volume et l'épaisseur réduits partagés dans les régions antérieure et postérieure de l'insula dans TSA et FEP (premier épisode psychotique) fournissent la première preuve provisoire que ces conditions partagent une pathologie structurelle qui peut être liée à une symptomatologie partagée. 

Psychol Med. 2017 Apr 24:1-11. doi: 10.1017/S0033291717000988.

Insular pathology in young people with high-functioning autism and first-episode psychosis

Parellada M¹, Pina-Camacho L¹, Moreno C¹, Aleman Y², Krebs MO³, Desco M², Merchán-Naranjo J¹, Del Rey-Mejías A¹, Boada L¹, Llorente C¹, Moreno D¹, Arango C¹, Janssen J¹.

Author information

1

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department,Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense,IiSGM, CIBERSAM. Ibiza 43,28009 Madrid,Spain.

2

Department of Experimental Medicine,Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón,IiSGM, CIBERSAM,Ibiza 43, 28009 Madrid,Spain.

3

INSERM, U894, "Psychophysiology of psychiatric disorders Lab," Center for psychiatry and neurosciences, University Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité; Institut de Psychiatrie-GDR 3557; and Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne,Paris,France.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and psychosis share deficits in social cognition. The insular region has been associated with awareness of self and reality, which may be basic for proper social interactions.

METHODS:

Total and regional insular volume and thickness measurements were obtained from a sample of 30 children and adolescents with ASD, 29 with early onset first-episode psychosis (FEP), and 26 healthy controls (HC). Total, regional, and voxel-level volume and thickness measurements were compared between groups (with correction for multiple comparisons), and the relationship between these measurements and symptom severity was explored.

RESULTS:

Compared with HC, a shared volume deficit was observed for the right (but not the left) anterior insula (ASD: p = 0.007, FEP: p = 0.032), and for the bilateral posterior insula: (left, ASD: p = 0.011, FEP: p = 0.033; right, ASD: p = 0.004, FEP: p = 0.028). A voxel-based morphometry (VBM) conjunction analysis showed that ASD and FEP patients shared a gray matter volume and thickness deficit in the left posterior insula. Within patients, right anterior (r = -0.28, p = 0.041) and left posterior (r = -0.29, p = 0.030) insular volumes negatively correlated with the severity of insight deficits, and left posterior insular volume negatively correlated with the severity of 'autistic-like' symptoms (r = -0.30, p = 0.028).

CONCLUSIONS:

The shared reduced volume and thickness in the anterior and posterior regions of the insula in ASD and FEP provides the first tentative evidence that these conditions share structural pathology that may be linked to shared symptomatology.

PMID: 28436341

DOI: 10.1017/S0033291717000988

Anomalies de l'épaisseur corticale dans les troubles du spectre autistique au cours de l'enfance, l'adolescence et l'âge adulte: une étude IRM à grande échelle

Aperçu: G.M.

Les études de neuroimagerie dans les troubles du spectre de l'autisme (TSA) ont fourni des preuves incohérentes d'anomalies corticales. Cela s'explique probablement par la faible taille des échantillons utilisés dans la plupart des études et par les différences importantes dans les caractéristiques de l'échantillon, notamment l'âge, ainsi que l'hétérogénéité du trouble.

Les résultats montrent une augmentation de l'épaisseur corticale dans le TSA, principalement latéralisé à gauche, à partir de 6 ans, avec des différences diminuant au cours de l'âge adulte. La gravité des symptômes liés à l'affect social et la communication est corrélée avec ces anomalies corticales. 

Cereb Cortex. 2017 Feb 18:1-11. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhx038.

Cortical Thickness Abnormalities in Autism Spectrum Disorders Through Late Childhood, Adolescence, and Adulthood: A Large-Scale MRI Study

Khundrakpam BS¹, Lewis JD¹, Kostopoulos P¹, Carbonell F¹, Evans AC¹.

Author information

1

Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaH3H2P1.

Abstract

Neuroimaging studies in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have provided inconsistent evidence of cortical abnormality. This is probably due to the small sample sizes used in most studies, and important differences in sample characteristics, particularly age, as well as to the heterogeneity of the disorder. To address these issues, we assessed abnormalities in ASD within the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange data set, which comprises data from approximately 1100 individuals (~6-55 years). A subset of these data that met stringent quality control and inclusion criteria (560 male subjects; 266 ASD; age = 6-35 years) were used to compute age-specific differences in cortical thickness in ASD and the relationship of any such differences to symptom severity of ASD. Our results show widespread increased cortical thickness in ASD, primarily left lateralized, from 6 years onwards, with differences diminishing during adulthood. The severity of symptoms related to social affect and communication correlated with these cortical abnormalities. These results are consistent with the conjecture that developmental patterns of cortical thickness abnormalities reflect delayed cortical maturation and highlight the dynamic nature of morphological abnormalities in ASD.

© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press.For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

PMID: 28334080

DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx038

Mapping cortical anatomy in preschool aged children with autism using surface-based morphometry

Traduction: G.M.

 

Neuroimage (Amst). 2012 Oct 31;2:111-9. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2012.10.005.

Cartographie de l'anatomie corticale chez les enfants d'âge préscolaire avec autisme en utilisant la morphométrie de surface

Raznahan A, Lenroot R, Thurm A, Gozzi M, Hanley A, Spence SJ, Swedo SE, Giedd JN.

Source

Child Psychiatry Branch, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Abstract

Les défis de la collecte de mesures in vivo de l'anatomie du cerveau des jeunes enfants ont limité le nombre d'études indépendantes sur les différences neuroanatomiques entre les enfants avec autisme et les enfants contrôle qui se développent sans autisme ( TDC ) en début de vie , et presque toutes les études de cette fenêtre principale critique du développement sur les mesures globales ou lobaires du volume du cerveau

(The challenges of gathering in-vivo measures of brain anatomy from young children have limited the number of independent studies examining neuroanatomical differences between children with autism and typically developing controls (TDCs) during early life, and almost all studies in this critical developmental window focus on global or lobar measures of brain volume.)

 

Using a novel cohort of young males with Autistic Disorder and TDCs aged 2 to 5 years, we (i) tested for group differences in traditional measures of global anatomy (total brain, total white, total gray and total cortical volume), and (ii) employed surface-based methods for cortical morphometry to directly measure the two biologically distinct sub-components of cortical volume (CV) at high spatial resolution-cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA).

Bien que les mesures de l'anatomie globale du cerveau n'ont pas montré de différences statistiquement significatives entre les groupes , les enfants avec autisme ont montrédes perturbations anatomiques spécifiques de l'épaisseur corticale (CT) par rapport au groupe TDC , consistant en un épaississement cortical relatif dans les régions ayant un rôle central dans la régulation du comportement, et du traitement de la langue, du mouvement biologique et de l'information sociale.

(While measures of global brain anatomy did not show statistically significant group differences, children with autism showed focal, and CT-specific anatomical disruptions compared to TDCs, consisting of relative cortical thickening in regions with central roles in behavioral regulation, and the processing of language, biological movement and social information.)

Nos résultats démontrent le caractère central de l'implication du cerveau dans l'autisme précoce, et fournissent plus de phénotypes anatomiques spécifiques morphométriques et spatiales pour l'étude de translation ultérieure.

 

(Our findings demonstrate the focal nature of brain involvement in early autism, and provide more spatially and morphometrically specific anatomical phenotypes for subsequent translational study.)

PMID: 24179764