Aperçu: G.M.
Il est bien reconnu que la neuroinflammation est impliquée dans la pathogenèse de diverses maladies neurodégénératives. La
microglie et les astrocytes sont des composants pathogènes majeurs dans
ce processus et sont connus pour répondre aux médiateurs
pro-inflammatoires libérés des cellules immunitaires telles que les
mastocytes. Les mastocytes résident dans le cerveau et constituent une source importante de molécules inflammatoires.
Les
mastocytes sont considérés comme des premiers intervenants et peuvent
initier et amplifier les réponses immunitaires dans le cerveau. Leur
rôle possible dans les troubles neurodégénératifs tels que la sclérose
en plaques, la maladie d'Alzheimer et l'autisme a suscité un intérêt
croissant.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017 May 9. pii: S0149-7634(17)30029-5. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.05.001.
Mast cells in neuroinflammation and brain disorders
Author information
- 1
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
- 2
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, The Netherlands. Electronic address: f.a.m.redegeld@uu.nl.
Abstract
It
is well recognized that neuroinflammation is involved in the
pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia and
astrocytes are major pathogenic components within this process and known
to respond to proinflammatory mediators released from immune cells such
as mast cells. Mast cells reside in the brain and are an important
source of inflammatory molecules. Mast cell interactions with glial
cells and neurons result in the release of mediators such as cytokines,
proteases and reactive oxygen species. During neuroinflammation,
excessive levels of these mediators can influence neurogenesis,
neurodegeneration and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Mast cells
are considered first responders and are able to initiate and magnify
immune responses in the brain. Their possible role in neurodegenerative
disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and autism has
gained increasing interest. We discuss the possible involvement of mast
cells and their mediators in neurogenesis, neurodegeneration and BBB
permeability and their role in neuronal disorders such as cerebral
ischemia, traumatic brain injury, neuropathic pain, multiple sclerosis,
Alzheimer's disease, migraine, autism, and depression.
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- PMID: 28499503
- DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.05.001
