Perception de l'action prédictive à partir d'informations d'intention explicites dans l'autisme

Aperçu: G.M.

Les difficultés sociales dans les "troubles du spectre de l'autisme" (TSA) peuvent provenir d'une modulation descendante réduite des informations sensorielles qui empêche l'attribution spontanée d'intentions au comportement observé.
Cependant, bien que les personnes autistes soient capables de raisonner explicitement sur les états mentaux des autres, l'effet des informations d'intention abstraite sur les processus perceptifs n'a pas été testé.
Les participants TSA (n = 23) et un groupe témoin neurotypique (NT) (n = 23) ont observé une main soit en train d'atteindre un objet, soit de s'en retirer. Avant le début de l'action, le participant a soit demandé à l'acteur de "Prendre" ou "Laissez-le", ou a entendu l'acteur dire "Je vais le prendre" ou "Je vais le laisser", ce qui a fourni une intention explicite qui était tout aussi susceptible d'être congruente ou incohérente avec l'action ultérieure. La main a disparu avant la fin de l'action, et les participants ont signalé la dernière position vue du bout de l'index en touchant l'écran.
Les participants NT ont montré un biais prédictif en réponse à la direction de l'action (atteint perçu plus près de l'objet, retraits perçus plus loin), et en réponse à la connaissance préalable des intentions de l'acteur (plus près de l'objet après "Take it", plus loin après "Leave it ").
Cependant, les participants TSA ont présenté un biais de perception prédictif uniquement en réponse aux intentions explicites, mais pas en réponse au mouvement de l'action elle-même.
La perception des TSA n'est pas à l'abri de la modulation descendante. Cependant, les informations doivent être présentées explicitement indépendamment du stimulus lui-même, et non pas déduites d'indices inhérents au stimulus. 

. 2021 May 23. doi: 10.3758/s13423-021-01941-w. 

Predictive action perception from explicit intention information in autism

Matthew Hudson  ^{1   2} , Toby Nicholson  ³ , Anna Kharko  ³ , Rebecca McKenzie  ³ , Patric Bach  ^{3   4}

Affiliations

• PMID: 34027620
• DOI: 10.3758/s13423-021-01941-w

Abstract

Social difficulties in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may originate from a reduced top-down modulation of sensory information that prevents the spontaneous attribution of intentions to observed behaviour. However, although people with autism are able to explicitly reason about others' mental states, the effect of abstract intention information on perceptual processes has remained untested. ASD participants (n = 23) and a neurotypical (NT) control group (n = 23) observed a hand either reaching for an object or withdrawing from it. Prior to action onset, the participant either instructed the actor to "Take it" or "Leave it", or heard the actor state "I'll take it" or "I'll leave it", which provided an explicit intention that was equally likely to be congruent or incongruent with the subsequent action. The hand disappeared before completion of the action, and participants reported the last seen position of the tip of the index finger by touching the screen. NT participants exhibited a predictive bias in response to action direction (reaches perceived nearer the object, withdrawals perceived farther away), and in response to prior knowledge of the actor's intentions (nearer the object after "Take it", farther away after "Leave it"). However, ASD participants exhibited a predictive perceptual bias only in response to the explicit intentions, but not in response to the motion of the action itself. Perception in ASD is not immune from top-down modulation. However, the information must be explicitly presented independently from the stimulus itself, and not inferred from cues inherent in the stimulus.

Keywords: Action prediction; Autism spectrum disorder; Implicit/explicit mentalizing; Predictive coding; Representational momentum.

References

1. 1. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing.
2. 1. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing.
3. 1. Apperly, I. A. & Butterfill, S. A. (2009). Do humans have two systems to track beliefs and belief-like states? Psychological Review, 116, 953–970. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016923 - DOI - PubMed
4. 1. Bach, P., Nicholson, T., & Hudson, M. (2014). The affordance-matching hypothesis: How objects guide action understanding and prediction. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, Article 254. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00254 - DOI - PubMed
5. 1. Bach, P., & Schenke, K. C. (2017). Predictive social perception: Towards a unifying framework from action observation to person knowledge. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 11, Article e12312. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12312 - DOI
6. 1. Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Skinner, R., Martin, J., & Clubley, E. (2001). The Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ): Evidence from Asperger syndrome/high-functioning autism, males and females, scientists and mathematicians. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 31, 5–17. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005653411471 - DOI - PubMed
7. 1. Barresi, J., & Moore, C. (1996). Intentional relations and social understanding. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 19, 107–154. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00041790 - DOI
8. 1. Behrmann, M., Thomas, C., & Humphreys, K. (2006). Seeing it differently: Visual processing in autism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10, 258–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2006.05.001 - DOI - PubMed
9. 1. Bertone, A., Mottron, L., Jelenic, P., & Faubert, J. (2003). Motion perception in autism: A “complex” issue. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 15, 218–225. https://doi.org/10.1162/089892903321208150 - DOI - PubMed
10. 1. Centelles, L., Assaiante, C., Etchegoyhen, K., Bouvard, M., & Schmitz, C. (2013). From action to interaction: Exploring the contribution of body motion cues to social understanding in typical development and in autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43, 1140–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1655-0 - DOI - PubMed
11. 1. Coren, S., & Hoenig, P. (1972). Effect of non-target stimuli upon length of voluntary saccades. Perception and Motor Skills, 34, 499–508. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1972.34.2.499 - DOI
12. 1. Cramer, A. O., van Ravenzwaaij, D., Matzke, D., Steingroever, H., Wetzels, R., Grasman, R. P. P. P., Waldorp, L. J., & Wagenmakers, E.-J. (2016). Hidden multiplicity in exploratory multiway ANOVA: Prevalence and remedies. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 23, 640–647. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-015-0913-5 - DOI
13. 1. Cusack, J. P., Williams, J. H. G., & Neri, P. (2015). Action perception is intact in autism spectrum disorder. The Journal of Neuroscience, 35, 1849–1857. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4133-13.2015 - DOI - PubMed - PMC
14. 1. David, N., Rose, M., Schneider, T. R., Vogeley, K., & Engel, A. K. (2010) Altered horizontal binding of single dots to coherent motion in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40, 1549–1551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1008-9 - DOI - PubMed
15. 1. Ernst, M. & Banks, M. (2002). Humans integrate visual and haptic information in a statistically optimal fashion. Nature, 415, 429–433. https://doi.org/10.1038/415429a - DOI - PubMed
16. 1. Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 175–191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146 - DOI - PubMed
17. 1. Federici, A., Parma, V., Vicovaro, M., Radassao, L., Casartelli, L., & Ronconi, L. (2020). Anomalous perception of biological motion in autism: A conceptual review and meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 10, Article 4576. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-61252-3 - DOI - PubMed
18. 1. Freyd, J. J., & Finke, R. A. (1984). Representational momentum. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 10, 126–132. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.10.1.126 - DOI
19. 1. Frith, C. D., & Frith, U. (2008). Implicit and explicit processes in social cognition. Neuron, 60, 503–510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2008.10.032 - DOI - PubMed
20. 1. Gallagher, S. (2008). Direct perception in the intersubjective context. Consciousness and Cognition, 17, 535–543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2008.03.003 - DOI - PubMed
21. 1. Ganglmayer, K., Schuwerk, T., Sodian, B., & Paulus, M. (2019). Do children and adults with autism spectrum condition anticipate others’ actions as goal-directed? A predictive coding perspective. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50, 2077–2089. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-03964-8 - DOI
22. 1. Happé, F., & Frith, U. (2006). The weak central coherence account: Detail focussed cognitive style in autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36, 5–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-005-0039-0 - DOI - PubMed
23. 1. Hohwy, J., & Palmer, C. (2014). Social cognition as causal inference: implications for common knowledge and autism. In M. Gallotti & J. Michael (Eds.), Social ontology and social cognition: Vol. 4. Studies in the philosophy of sociality. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9147-2_12
24. 1. Hudson, M., Bach, P., & Nicholson, T. (2018). You said you would! The predictability of other’s behavior from their intentions determines predictive biases in action perception. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance. 44, 320–335. https://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0000451 - DOI - PubMed
25. 1. Hudson, M., Burnett, H. G., & Jellema, T. (2012). Anticipation of action intentions in autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42, 1684–1693. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-011-1410-y . - DOI - PubMed
26. 1. Hudson, M., McDonough, K. L., Edwards, R., & Bach, P. (2018). Perceptual teleology: Expectations of action efficiency bias social perception. Proceedings of the Royal Society: Series B, 285, Article 20180638. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0638 - DOI
27. 1. Hudson, M., Nicholson, T., Ellis, R. & Bach, P. (2016). I see what you say: Prior knowledge of other’s goals automatically biases the perception of their actions. Cognition, 146, 245–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2015.09.021 - DOI - PubMed
28. 1. Hudson, M., Nicholson, T., Simpson, W., Ellis, R., & Bach, P. (2016). One step ahead: The perceived kinematics of others' actions are biased towards expected goals. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 145, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000126 - DOI
29. 1. JASP Team (2020). JASP (Version 0.14.1)[Computer software]
30. 1. Kaiser, M. D., & Shiffrar, M. (2009). The visual perception of motion by observers with autism spectrum disorders: A review and synthesis. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 16, 761–777. https://doi.org/10.3758/PBR.16.5.761 - DOI
31. 1. Kilner, J. M. (2011). More than one pathway to action understanding. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15, 352–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2011.06.005 - DOI - PubMed - PMC
32. 1. Kourtzi, Z., & Shiffrar, M. (1999). Dynamic representations of human body movement. Perception, 28, 49–62. https://doi.org/10.1068/p2870 - DOI - PubMed
33. 1. Lakens, D., Scheel, A. M., & Isager, P. M. (2018). Equivalence testing for psychological research: A tutorial. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1, 259–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918770963 - DOI
34. 1. Lawson, R. P., Rees, G., & Friston, K. J. (2014). An aberrant precision account of autism. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8, Article 302. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00302 - DOI - PubMed
35. 1. Marsh, L. E., Pearson, A., Ropar, D., & de C Hamilton, A. F. (2015). Predictive gaze during observation of irrational actions in adults with autism spectrum conditions. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45, 245–261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2215-6 - DOI - PubMed
36. 1. McDonough, K.L., Costantini, M., Hudson, M., & Bach, P. (2020). Affordance matching predictively shapes the perceptual representation of others’ ongoing actions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 46(8), 847–859. https://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0000745 - DOI - PubMed
37. 1. McDonough, K. L., Hudson, M., & Bach, P. (2019). Cues to intention bias action perception toward the most efficient trajectory. Scientific Reports, 9(6472), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-42204-y - DOI
38. 1. Milne, E., Swettenham, J., Hansen, P., Campbell, R., Jeffries, H., & Plaisted, K. (2002). High motion coherence thresholds in children with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43, 255–263. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00018 - DOI - PubMed
39. 1. Mottron, L., Dawson, M., Soulieres, I., Hubert, B., & Burack, J. (2006). Enhanced perceptual functioning in autism: An update and eight principles of autism perception. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36, 27–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-005-0040-7 - DOI - PubMed
40. 1. Palmer, C. J., Lawson, R. P., & Hohwy, J. (2017). Bayesian approaches to autism: Towards volatility, action, and behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 143, 521–542. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000097 . - DOI - PubMed
41. 1. Palmer, C. J., Seth, A. K., & Hohwy, J. (2015). The felt presence of other minds: Predictive processing, counterfactual predictions, and mentalising in autism. Consciousness and Cognition, 26, 376–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2015.04.007 - DOI
42. 1. Schaller, U. M., & Rauh, R. (2017). What difference does it make? Implicit, explicit and complex social cognition in autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47, 961–979. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-3008-x - DOI
43. 1. Scholl, B. J., & Gao, T. (2013). Perceiving animacy and intentionality: Visual processing or higher-level judgment? In M. D. Rutherford & V. A. Kuhlmeier (Eds.), Social perception: Detection and interpretation of animacy, agency, and intention (pp. 197–230). MIT Press.
44. 1. Schuwerk, T., Jarvers, I., Vuori, M., & Sodian, B. (2016). Implicit mentalizing persists beyond early childhood and is profoundly impaired in children with autism spectrum condition. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, Article 1696. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01696 - DOI - PubMed
45. 1. Senju, A., Southgate, V., Miura, Y., Matsui, T., Hasegawa, T., Toto, Y., Osanai, H., & Csibra, G. (2010). Absence of spontaneous action anticipation by false belief attribution in children with autism spectrum disorder. Developmental and Psychopathology, 22, 353–360. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579410000106 . - DOI
46. 1. Tager-Flusberg, H. (2001). A re-examination of the theory of mind hypothesis of autism. In J. Burack, T. Charman, N. Yirmiya, & P. Zelazo (Eds.), The development of autism: Perspectives from theory and research (pp. 173–193). Erlbaum.
47. 1. Teufel, C., Fletcher, P. C., & Davis, G. (2010). Seeing other minds: Attributed mental states influence perception. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14, 376–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2010.05.005 - DOI - PubMed
48. 1. Todorova, G. K., McBean Hatton, R. E., & Pollick, F.E. (2019). Biological motion perception in autism spectrum disorder: A meta-analysis. Molecular Autism, 10, Article 49. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13229-019-0299-8 - DOI - PubMed
49. 1. Van de Cruys, S., Evers, K., Van der Hallen, R., Van Eylen, L., Boets, B., de Wit, L., & Wagemans, J. (2014). Precise minds in uncertain worlds: Predictive coding in autism. Psychological Review, 121, 649–675. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037665 - DOI - PubMed
50. 1. von der Luhe, T., Manera, V., Barisic, I., Becchio, C., Vogeley, K., & Schilbach, L. (2016). Interpersonal predictive coding, not action perception, is impaired in autism. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: Series B, 371, Article 20150373. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0373 - DOI
51. 1. Wechsler, D. (1999). Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence. The Psychological Corporation.
52. 1. World Health Organization. (1993). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (10th ed.). Author.
53. 1. Yantis, S., & Nakama, T. (1998). Visual interactions in the path of apparent motion. Nature Neuroscience, 6, 508–512. https://doi.org/10.1038/2226 - DOI
54. 1. Zaidel, A., Goin-Kochel, R. P., & Angelaki, D. E. (2015). Self-motion perception in autism is compromised by visual noise but integrated optimally across multiple senses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112, 6461–6466. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1506582112 . - DOI - PubMed - PMC
55. 1. Zaki, J. (2013). Cue integration: A common framework for social cognition and physical perception. Perspectives of Psychological Science, 8, 296–312. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691613475454 - DOI
56. 1. Zalla, T., Labruyere, N., Clement, A., & Georgieff, N. (2010). Predicting ensuing actions in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. Experimental Brain Research, 201, 809–819. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-009-2096-7 - DOI - PubMed

*Mécanismes cognitifs sous-jacents de la prévision de l'action chez des enfants et des adultes " dans la condition de spectre de l'autisme"

Traduction: G.M.

(Remarque : Autism Spectrum Condition ne sera pas traduit littéralement car personne avec une condition de spectre de l'autisme ou avec un état de spectre de l'autisme ne veut pas dire grand chose. Si l'on veut respecter l'intention des auteurs, qui est de changer la représentation négative de l'autisme liée à l'utilisation du terme trouble, le mot panorama, vu sur la page facebook .AUTISME. nous parait plus adapté. Il est d'autant plus intéressant qu'il remplace à la fois le terme trouble et spectre, tous deux connotés négativement. Ainsi "adults with Autims Spectrum Condition" devient "adultes dans le panorama de l'autisme".) 

J Autism Dev Disord. 2016 Sep 13.

Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying Action Prediction in Children and Adults with Autism Spectrum Condition

Schuwerk T^1,2, Sodian B³, Paulus M³.

Author information

• ¹Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Leopoldstr. 13, 80802, Munich, Germany. tobias.schuwerk@psy.lmu.de
• ²Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany. tobias.schuwerk@psy.lmu.de
• ³Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Leopoldstr. 13, 80802, Munich, Germany.

Abstract

Des recherches récentes suggèrent que le déficit de prédiction de l'action est au cœur des déficits d'interaction sociale dans le panorama de l'autisme (CSA). Ici, nous avons ciblé deux mécanismes cognitifs qui sont censés être à la base de la prédiction des actions des autres:  l'apprentissage statistique et les considérations d'efficacité . Nous avons mesuré les mouvements oculaires proactifs de 10 ans les enfants et les adultes avec et sans CSA en prévision de présenter à plusieurs reprises l'action d'un agent. Les participants avec CSA ont montré une tendance généralement plus faible pour générer des prédictions d'action. D'autres analyses ont révélé que l'apprentissage statistique systématique conduit à des prédictions précises d'action dans les groupes témoins.
Les participants avec ASC ont été altérés dans leur capacité à utiliser les informations de fréquence pour les prédictions d'action. 
 Nos résultats informent les modèles étiologiques de l'interaction sociale diminuée dans l'ASC.
Recent research suggests that impaired action prediction is at the core of social interaction deficits in autism spectrum condition (ASC). Here, we targeted two cognitive mechanisms that are thought to underlie the prediction of others' actions: statistical learning and efficiency considerations. We measured proactive eye movements of 10-year-old children and adults with and without ASC in anticipation of an agent's repeatedly presented action. Participants with ASC showed a generally weaker tendency to generate action predictions. Further analyses revealed that statistical learning led to systematic accurate action predictions in the control groups. Participants with ASC were impaired in their ability to use frequency information for action predictions. Our findings inform etiological models of impaired social interaction in ASC.

PMID: 27624476

DOI: 10.1007/s10803-016-2899-x