Perception de l'action prédictive à partir d'informations d'intention explicites dans l'autisme

Aperçu: G.M.

Les difficultés sociales dans les "troubles du spectre de l'autisme" (TSA) peuvent provenir d'une modulation descendante réduite des informations sensorielles qui empêche l'attribution spontanée d'intentions au comportement observé.
Cependant, bien que les personnes autistes soient capables de raisonner explicitement sur les états mentaux des autres, l'effet des informations d'intention abstraite sur les processus perceptifs n'a pas été testé.
Les participants TSA (n = 23) et un groupe témoin neurotypique (NT) (n = 23) ont observé une main soit en train d'atteindre un objet, soit de s'en retirer. Avant le début de l'action, le participant a soit demandé à l'acteur de "Prendre" ou "Laissez-le", ou a entendu l'acteur dire "Je vais le prendre" ou "Je vais le laisser", ce qui a fourni une intention explicite qui était tout aussi susceptible d'être congruente ou incohérente avec l'action ultérieure. La main a disparu avant la fin de l'action, et les participants ont signalé la dernière position vue du bout de l'index en touchant l'écran.
Les participants NT ont montré un biais prédictif en réponse à la direction de l'action (atteint perçu plus près de l'objet, retraits perçus plus loin), et en réponse à la connaissance préalable des intentions de l'acteur (plus près de l'objet après "Take it", plus loin après "Leave it ").
Cependant, les participants TSA ont présenté un biais de perception prédictif uniquement en réponse aux intentions explicites, mais pas en réponse au mouvement de l'action elle-même.
La perception des TSA n'est pas à l'abri de la modulation descendante. Cependant, les informations doivent être présentées explicitement indépendamment du stimulus lui-même, et non pas déduites d'indices inhérents au stimulus. 

. 2021 May 23. doi: 10.3758/s13423-021-01941-w. 

Predictive action perception from explicit intention information in autism

Matthew Hudson  ^{1   2} , Toby Nicholson  ³ , Anna Kharko  ³ , Rebecca McKenzie  ³ , Patric Bach  ^{3   4}

Affiliations

• PMID: 34027620
• DOI: 10.3758/s13423-021-01941-w

Abstract

Social difficulties in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may originate from a reduced top-down modulation of sensory information that prevents the spontaneous attribution of intentions to observed behaviour. However, although people with autism are able to explicitly reason about others' mental states, the effect of abstract intention information on perceptual processes has remained untested. ASD participants (n = 23) and a neurotypical (NT) control group (n = 23) observed a hand either reaching for an object or withdrawing from it. Prior to action onset, the participant either instructed the actor to "Take it" or "Leave it", or heard the actor state "I'll take it" or "I'll leave it", which provided an explicit intention that was equally likely to be congruent or incongruent with the subsequent action. The hand disappeared before completion of the action, and participants reported the last seen position of the tip of the index finger by touching the screen. NT participants exhibited a predictive bias in response to action direction (reaches perceived nearer the object, withdrawals perceived farther away), and in response to prior knowledge of the actor's intentions (nearer the object after "Take it", farther away after "Leave it"). However, ASD participants exhibited a predictive perceptual bias only in response to the explicit intentions, but not in response to the motion of the action itself. Perception in ASD is not immune from top-down modulation. However, the information must be explicitly presented independently from the stimulus itself, and not inferred from cues inherent in the stimulus.

Keywords: Action prediction; Autism spectrum disorder; Implicit/explicit mentalizing; Predictive coding; Representational momentum.

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