11 mai 2021

Association entre la puissance de l'électroencéphalographie spectrale et le risque et le diagnostic d'autisme au début du développement

Aperçu: G.M.

Le "trouble du spectre de l'autisme" (TSA) trouve son origine dans le développement atypique des réseaux cérébraux. Les nourrissons qui présentent un risque familial élevé de TSA et qui sont diagnostiqués plus tard avec un TSA présentent une activité atypique dans les mesures oscillatoires d'électroencéphalographie (EEG) multiples. Cependant, les études sur les nourrissons et les frères et sœurs sont souvent limitées par la petite taille des échantillons.
Nous avons utilisé l'International Infant EEG Data Integration Platform, un ensemble de données multi-sites avec 432 participants, dont 222 à haut risque de TSA, auprès desquels des mesures répétées d'EEG ont été collectées entre 3 et 36 mois.
Nous avons appliqué un modèle de courbe de croissance latente pour tester si le statut de risque familial prédit les trajectoires de développement de la puissance spectrale au cours des 3 premières années de la vie, et si ces trajectoires prédisent l'issue des TSA. 

Un changement de puissance spectrale EEG dans toutes les bandes de fréquences s'est produit au cours des 3 premières années de vie. Le risque familial, mais pas un diagnostic ultérieur de TSA, était associé à une puissance réduite à 3 mois et à un changement développemental plus marqué entre 3 et 36 mois dans presque toutes les bandes de puissance absolue.
Le résultat du TSA n'était pas associé à l'interception de puissance absolue ou à la pente. Aucune association n'a été trouvée entre le risque ou le résultat et le pouvoir relatif. 

Cette étude a appliqué une approche analytique non utilisée dans les études prospectives antérieures sur les biomarqueurs des TSA, qui a été modélisée pour refléter la relation temporelle entre la susceptibilité génétique, le développement du cerveau et le diagnostic des TSA.
Les trajectoires de puissance spectrale semblent être prédites par le risque familial; cependant, la puissance spectrale ne permet pas de prédire le résultat du diagnostic au-delà du statut de risque familial. Les divergences entre les résultats actuels et les études précédentes sont discutées. 

RÉSUMÉ: Les nourrissons dont un frère ou une sœur plus âgé reçoit un diagnostic de TSA courent un risque accru de développer eux-mêmes un TSA. Cet article a testé si la puissance spectrale EEG au cours de la première année de vie peut prédire si ces nourrissons ont développé ou non un TSA. 

Association between spectral electroencephalography power and autism risk and diagnosis in early development

Scott Huberty  1 , Virginia Carter Leno  2 , Stefon J R van Noordt  1 , Rachael Bedford  2   3 , Andrew Pickles  2 , James A Desjardins  4 , Sara Jane Webb  5 , BASIS Team; Mayada Elsabbagh  1
Affiliations

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has its origins in the atypical development of brain networks. Infants who are at high familial risk for, and later diagnosed with ASD, show atypical activity in multiple electroencephalography (EEG) oscillatory measures. However, infant-sibling studies are often constrained by small sample sizes. We used the International Infant EEG Data Integration Platform, a multi-site dataset with 432 participants, including 222 at high-risk for ASD, from whom repeated measurements of EEG were collected between the ages of 3-36 months. We applied a latent growth curve model to test whether familial risk status predicts developmental trajectories of spectral power across the first 3 years of life, and whether these trajectories predict ASD outcome. Change in spectral EEG power in all frequency bands occurred during the first 3 years of life. Familial risk, but not a later diagnosis of ASD, was associated with reduced power at 3 months, and a steeper developmental change between 3 and 36 months in nearly all absolute power bands. ASD outcome was not associated with absolute power intercept or slope. No associations were found between risk or outcome and relative power. This study applied an analytic approach not used in previous prospective biomarker studies of ASD, which was modeled to reflect the temporal relationship between genetic susceptibility, brain development, and ASD diagnosis. Trajectories of spectral power appear to be predicted by familial risk; however, spectral power does not predict diagnostic outcome above and beyond familial risk status. Discrepancies between current results and previous studies are discussed. LAY SUMMARY: Infants with an older sibling who is diagnosed with ASD are at increased risk of developing ASD themselves. This article tested whether EEG spectral power in the first year of life can predict whether these infants did or did not develop ASD.

Keywords: EEG; autism spectrum disorders; infants; siblings.

References

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