Une méta-analyse du microbiote intestinal chez les enfants autistes

Aperçu: G.M.

Des études antérieures ont rapporté une dysbiose dans le microbiote intestinal (MI) d'enfants avec un diagnostic du "trouble du spectre de l'autisme" (dTSA), qui peut être un facteur déterminant sur le développement de l'enfant à travers l'axe microbiote-intestin-cerveau. Cependant, on ne sait pas s'il existe un groupe spécifique de bactéries dysbiotiques dans les TSA. 

Le but de cette étude était de réaliser une méta-analyse sur les études qui analysent le MI chez les enfants avec un dTSA. 18 études remplissaient nos critères de sélection. 

Nos résultats ont montré une plus faible abondance relative de Streptococcus (SMD + = - 0,999; IC à 95% - 1,549, - 0,449) et de genres Bifidobacterium (SMD + = - 0,513; IC à 95% - 0,953, - 0,073) chez les enfants avec un dTSA. Dans l'ensemble, les genres Bifidobacterium sont impliqués. Cependant, les différences constatées entre les études sont attribuées à des facteurs tels que le biais de déclaration.

. 2021 May 5. doi: 10.1007/s10803-021-05002-y.

A Meta-analysis of Gut Microbiota in Children with Autism

Pedro Andreo-Martínez  ^{1   2} , María Rubio-Aparicio  ³ , Julio Sánchez-Meca  ⁴ , Alejandro Veas  ⁵ , Agustín Ernesto Martínez-González  ^{6   7}

Affiliations

• PMID: 33948825
• DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05002-y

Abstract

Previous studies have reported dysbiosis in the gut microbiota (GM) of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), which may be a determining factor on child development through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, it is not clear if there is a specific group of dysbiotic bacteria in ASD. The aim of this study was to carry out a meta-analysis on the studies that analyze GM in children with ASD. 18 studies fulfilled our selection criteria. Our results showed a lower relative abundance of Streptococcus (SMD₊ = - 0.999; 95% CI - 1.549, - 0.449) and Bifidobacterium genera (SMD₊ = - 0.513; 95% CI - 0.953, - 0.073) in children with ASD. Overall, the Bifidobacterium genera is involved. However, differences found between studies are attributed to factors such as reporting bias.

Keywords: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD); Gut microbiota; Meta-analysis; Microbiota-gut-brain axis; Systematic review.

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Le "trouble du spectre de l'autisme" est associé au trouble du microbiote intestinal chez les enfants

Aperçu: G.M.

CONTEXTE:
Le but de cette étude était d'évaluer l'occurrence et les caractéristiques cliniques des "troubles du spectre de l'autisme" (TSA) associés à l'état stable du microbiote intestinal.
MÉTHODES:
Au total, 9 enfants avec un diagnostic de TSA et 6 enfants sans TSA utilisés comme témoins ont été sélectionnés et des échantillons de matières fécales ont été prélevés sur chacun d'eux. Le séquençage de l'ARN ribosomal du gène 16S a été utilisé pour analyser la différence dans le microbiote intestinal entre les enfants témoins et les patients avec un diagnostic de TSA.
RÉSULTATS:
Les résultats du séquençage 16S basé sur l'analyse des unités taxonomiques opérationnelles (OTU) ont montré que le groupe avec un diagnostic de TSA et le groupe contrôle (GC) présentaient une grande différence dans l'abondance du microbiote au niveau de la famille, du genre et de l'espèce. L'abondance de Bacteroidales et Selenomonadales était significativement plus faible dans le groupe ASD que dans le groupe HC (p = 0,0110 et p = 0,0076, respectivement). L'abondance des Ruminococcaceae dans le groupe TSA était supérieure à celle du groupe GC (p = 0,0285), tandis que la quantité de Prevotellaceae était significativement plus faible dans le groupe TSA que dans le groupe HC (p = 0,0111). L'analyse Tax4Fun basée sur les données de l'Encyclopédie des gènes et génomes de Kyoto (KEGG) a indiqué une voie fonctionnelle différentiellement exprimée entre le groupe TSA et le groupe témoin associé au système nerveux, au traitement de l'information environnementale et au traitement cellulaire.
CONCLUSIONS:
L'abondance du microbiote intestinal dans le groupe TSA est différente de celle des enfants témoins . Ces différences affectent la fonction biologique de l'hôte. 

Ces résultats suggèrent qu'un trouble du microbiote intestinal peut être associé, au moins en partie, aux TSA chez les enfants.

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BMC Pediatr. 2019 Dec 27;19(1):516. doi: 10.1186/s12887-019-1896-6.

Autism spectrum disorder is associated with gut microbiota disorder in children

Sun H^1,2, You Z³, Jia L⁴, Wang F⁵.

Author information

1

Departemnt of Pediatrics, the Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, 1215 Guangrui Road, Wuxi, 214145, Jiangsu Province, China. 2267552158@qq.com.

2

Departemnt of Pediatrics, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China. 2267552158@qq.com.

3

Departemnt of Pediatrics, the Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, 1215 Guangrui Road, Wuxi, 214145, Jiangsu Province, China.

4

Departemnt of Pediatrics, Huishan District Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, China.

5

School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China. wangfanglukas@163.com.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence and clinical characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) associated to the stable state of the gut microbiota.

METHODS:

A total of 9 children with ASD and 6 healthy children used as control were selected and feces samples were collected from all of them. The 16S gene ribosomal RNA sequencing was used to analyze the difference in gut microbiota between healthy control children and ASD patients.

RESULTS:

The results of 16S sequencing based on operational taxonomic units (OTUs) analysis showed that the ASD group and the healthy control (HC) group had a large difference in the abundance of microbiota at the level of family, genus and species. The abundance of Bacteroidales and Selenomonadales was significantly lower in the ASD group than in the HC group (p = 0.0110 and p = 0.0076, respectively). The abundance of Ruminococcaceae in the ASD group was higher than that in the HC group (p = 0.0285), while the amount of Prevotellaceae was significantly lower in the ASD group than in the HC group (p = 0.0111). The Tax4Fun analysis based on Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) data indicated differentially expressed functional pathway between the ASD group and healthy control group associated to the nervous system, environmental information processing and cellular processing.

CONCLUSIONS:

The abundance of gut microbiota in the ASD group is different from that in the healthy control children. These differences affect the biological function of the host. These results suggest that a disorder in the gut microbiota may be associated, at least in part, with ASD in children.

PMID:31881951

PMCID:PMC6933684

DOI:10.1186/s12887-019-1896-6

Microbiote: un nouveau régulateur de la douleur

Aperçu: G.M.

Parmi les divers régulateurs du système nerveux, le microbiote intestinal a récemment été décrit comme ayant le potentiel de moduler l'activation des cellules neuronales. Alors que les produits dérivés de bactéries peuvent induire des réponses aversives et influencer la perception de la douleur, des travaux récents suggèrent que le microbiote "anormal" est associé à des maladies neurologiques telles que la maladie d'Alzheimer, la maladie de Parkinson ou les "troubles du spectre de l'autisme" (TSA). 

Nous examinons ici comment le microbiote intestinal module la fonction des neurones sensoriels afférents et la douleur, en soulignant le rôle de l'axe microbiote / intestin / cerveau dans le contrôle des comportements et des maladies neurologiques. 

Nous décrivons les changements dans le microbiote intestinal, appelé dysbiose, et leur influence sur les troubles gastro-intestinaux douloureux. En outre, une interaction directe hôte / microbiote impliquant l'activation de neurones "sensibles à la douleur" par des métabolites, ou une communication indirecte via l'activation immunitaire est discutée. 

Enfin, des options de traitement ciblant le microbiote intestinal, y compris des pré-probiotiques ou des probiotiques, seront proposées. 

D'autres études sur l'interaction microbiote / système nerveux devraient permettre d'identifier de nouveaux ligands microbiens et médicaments ciblés sur les récepteurs de l'hôte, susceptibles d'améliorer à terme la gestion de la douleur chronique et le bien-être.

J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2019 Sep 24. doi: 10.1007/s00702-019-02083-z.

Microbiota: a novel regulator of pain

Defaye M¹, Gervason S^2,3, Altier C¹, Berthon JY², Ardid D³, Filaire E^2,4, Carvalho FA⁵.

Author information

1

Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Inflammation Research Network, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.

2

GREENTECH SA, Saint-Beauzire, France.

3

Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM U1107, NeuroDol, CRHN Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, BP 38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France.

4

Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Unité de Nutrition Humaine ECREIN, CRNH Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.

5

Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM U1107, NeuroDol, CRHN Auvergne, 28 place Henri Dunant, BP 38, 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France. frederic.carvalho@inserm.fr.

Abstract

Among the various regulators of the nervous system, the gut microbiota has been recently described to have the potential to modulate neuronal cells activation. While bacteria-derived products can induce aversive responses and influence pain perception, recent work suggests that "abnormal" microbiota is associated with neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's disease or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here we review how the gut microbiota modulates afferent sensory neurons function and pain, highlighting the role of the microbiota/gut/brain axis in the control of behaviors and neurological diseases. We outline the changes in gut microbiota, known as dysbiosis, and their influence on painful gastrointestinal disorders. Furthermore, both direct host/microbiota interaction that implicates activation of "pain-sensing" neurons by metabolites, or indirect communication via immune activation is discussed. Finally, treatment options targeting the gut microbiota, including pre- or probiotics, will be proposed. Further studies on microbiota/nervous system interaction should lead to the identification of novel microbial ligands and host receptor-targeted drugs, which could ultimately improve chronic pain management and well-being.

PMID:31552496

DOI:10.1007/s00702-019-02083-z