Aperçu: G.M.
La
réponse à la gêne acoustique (ASR) et sa modulation, comprenant l'inhibition de la réponse (PPI) sont considérés comme des indices
neurophysiologiques prometteurs pour la recherche translationnelle en
psychiatrie. La
déficience du PPI a été signalée dans plusieurs troubles
psychiatriques, mais surtout dans la schizophrénie, où le PPI est
considéré comme un endophénotype candidat du trouble.
On
sait que le PPI de l'ASR se développe avant 8 ans et que la déficience
en PPI n'a été signalée que chez les adultes (et non les enfants)
avec un diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme" (TSA), ce qui implique des
caractéristiques atypiques présentes lors du développement précoce.
Les
récentes études asiatiques sur les enfants avec un diagnostic de TSA suggèrent
qu'une étude approfondie de l'ASR et de sa modulation, peuvent contribuer à une compréhension de la déficience des
circuits neuronaux chez les enfants avec un diagnostic de TSA et de ses problèmes de comportement comorbide.
Dans
cet examen, les chercheurs examinent les résultats récents sur l'ASR et sa
modulation dans les pays asiatiques et discutent de son utilisation
potentielle pour l'étude de la détection sensoriomotrice et de sa
relation avec la schizophrénie et le TSA. En
conclusion, l'ASR et sa modulation peuvent fournir un indice
neurophysiologique global bien établi pour la recherche translationnelle
dans les troubles psychiatriques.
Schizophr Res. 2017 Jun 1. pii: S0920-9964(17)30308-0. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.05.034.
Acoustic startle response and its modulation in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder in Asian subjects
Takahashi H1, Kamio Y2.
Author information
- 1
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan; Department of Advanced Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan. Electronic address: htakahashi@ncnp.go.jp.
- 2
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashicho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan. Electronic address: kamio@ncnp.go.jp.
Abstract
The
acoustic startle response (ASR) and its modulation, including prepulse
inhibition (PPI), are considered to be promising neurophysiological
indices for translational research in psychiatry. Impairment of the PPI
has been reported in several psychiatric disorders, but particularly in
schizophrenia, where PPI is considered to be a candidate endophenotype
of the disorder.
Although the profiles of the ASR differ between races, recent studies
of single ethnicity samples in Asia were in accord with a number of
studies from Western countries, in reporting that patients with
schizophrenia exhibit impaired PPI. The PPI of the ASR is known to
develop before 8years of age, and PPI impairment has only been reported
in adults (not children) with autism spectrum disorder
(ASD), which involves atypical features that are present from early
development. Recent Asian studies of children with ASD suggest that
comprehensive investigation of the ASR and its modulation, including the
startle response to weak startle stimuli, peak startle latency, and
PPI, may contribute to an understanding of the impairment of the neural
circuitry in children with ASD and its comorbid behavioral problems. In
this review, we review recent findings on the ASR and its modulation
from Asian countries, and discuss its potential use for studying
sensorimotor gating and its relationship to schizophrenia and ASD. In
conclusion, the ASR and its modulation can provide a well-established
global neurophysiological index for translational research in
psychiatric disorders. Future studies investigating the development of
sensorimotor gating in early development may contribute to prevention of
psychiatric disorders.
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- PMID:28578923
- DOI:10.1016/j.schres.2017.05.034
