Caractéristiques cliniques et individuelles associées au stress maternel chez les jeunes adolescents avec un diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme"

Aperçu: G.M.

Les parents de personnes avec un diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autismeé vivent à la fois des événements stressants négatifs et positifs. Plusieurs caractéristiques cliniques et sociodémographiques des enfants autistes ont été associées au stress parental dans leur famille. Cependant, peu d'études se sont concentrées sur les adolescents et le rôle de la déficience cognitive a rarement été abordé.
L'objectif principal de la présente recherche est d'explorer les associations entre les symptômes de l'autisme, les troubles cognitifs, les problèmes émotionnels et comportementaux, les caractéristiques sociodémographiques et le stress maternel chez un échantillon de jeunes adolescents avec un diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme" avec et sans troubles cognitifs.
La déficience cognitive et les problèmes émotionnels et comportementaux sont associés au stress maternel, tandis que les symptômes de l'autisme semblent jouer un rôle mineur.
L'éducation et la profession de la mère ne sont associées au stress maternel que dans le groupe ayant une déficience cognitive, tandis que l'âge maternel est associé au stress dans le groupe d'adolescentes sans déficience cognitive. 

Les implications liées à l'âge pour l'intervention et les orientations futures de la recherche sont discutées.

. 2021 May 20.  doi: 10.1002/aur.2539. 

Clinical and individual features associated with maternal stress in young adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

Francesco Scibelli  ¹ , Elisa Fucà  ¹ , Silvia Guerrera  ¹ , Elisabetta Lupi  ¹ , Paolo Alfieri  ¹ , Giovanni Valeri  ¹ , Stefano Vicari  ^{1   2}

Affiliations

• PMID: 34013607
• DOI: 10.1002/aur.2539

Abstract

Parents of people with autism spectrum disorder experience both negative stressful and positive events. Several clinical and socio-demographic features of children on the autism spectrum have been associated with parenting stress in their families. However, there have been few studies that focus on adolescents and the role of cognitive impairment has rarely been addressed. The main aim of the present research is to explore associations between autism symptoms, cognitive impairment, emotional and behavioral problems, socio-demographic features, and maternal stress in a sample of young adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder with and without cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment and emotional and behavioral problems are associated with maternal stress, while autism symptoms seem to play a minor role. Maternal education and occupation are only associated with maternal stress in the group with cognitive impairment, while maternal age is stress-associated in the group of adolescents without cognitive impairment. Age-related implications for intervention and future research directions are discussed. LAY SUMMARY: Parents of individuals on the autism spectrum are exposed to both negative stressful and enriching experiences during their parenthood. While the influence of several child characteristics and socio-demographic features on parental stress during childhood has been widely explored in past studies, studies on teenagers are limited. The aim of the present research is to explore the influence of several characteristics on maternal stress levels in families with teenagers on the autism spectrum. We found that cognitive impairment and emotional and behavioral problems are associated with maternal stress, while autism symptoms seem to play a minor role. Socio-demographic features are not associated with maternal stress. Broadly speaking, the subjective perception of parental distress in both groups is less related to teenagers' characteristics then the perception of having a difficult interaction with the teenagers. We divided our participants into two groups (one group with cognitive impairment and the other group without). We found that mothers of teenagers with cognitive impairment are generally more stressed compared to the other group. Furthermore, we confirm that emotional and behavioral problems seem to play a major role in maternal stress (especially in the group without cognitive impairment), while autism symptoms seem to play a minor role. Furthermore, we found that maternal education/occupation and maternal age are associated with maternal stress in the group with and the group without cognitive impairment respectively. This research highlights the association between several variables and stress in mothers of adolescents on the spectrum. Results are discussed in the framework of previous findings highlighting the lack of adequate care and support services for families, especially for those of adolescents on the spectrum with cognitive impairment.

Keywords: adolescence; autism symptoms; cognitive; emotional and behavioral problems; maternal stress; parent mediated therapy; socio-demographic features.

© 2021 International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

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Évaluation des comorbidités psychopathologiques chez les enfants et les adolescents avec un diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme" à l'aide de la liste de contrôle du comportement de l'enfant (CBCL)

Aperçu: G.M.

Les "troubles du spectre de l'autisme" (TSA) se caractérisent par des comorbidités psychiatriques et comportementales. La liste de contrôle du comportement de l'enfant (CBCL) fournit des mesures valides et bien établies des problèmes émotionnels, comportementaux et sociaux chez les enfants et les adolescents. 

Le but de la présente étude était de vérifier si les problèmes émotionnels, comportementaux et sociaux étaient modulés par la gravité des symptômes de TSA, le développement cognitif, le sexe et l'âge en analysant le CBCL dans un grand groupe d'enfants et d'adolescents avec un diagnostic de TSA (dTSA). 

Les résultats montrent qu'environ 30% des participants avec un dTSA présentaient des problèmes d'intériorisation et seulement 6% des problèmes d'extériorisation, les hommes présentant davantage de problèmes d'intériorisation que les femmes. 

Aucune corrélation n'a été trouvée entre les scores CBCL et les indices de sévérité des TSA. Toutefois, des scores Total Problems plus élevés du CBCL  ont été trouvés chez les enfants plus âgés et chez les enfants ayant des capacités cognitives plus faibles. La détection de problèmes comportementaux et émotionnels permet aux enfants avec un dTSA de suivre un traitement spécifique et individualisé tenant compte de leurs problèmes psychopathologiques.

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Front Psychiatry. 2019 Jul 26;10:535. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00535. eCollection 2019.

Assessment of Psychopathological Comorbidities in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder Using the Child Behavior Checklist

Guerrera S¹, Menghini D¹, Napoli E¹, Di Vara S¹, Valeri G¹, Vicari S¹.

Author information

1

Child and Adolescence Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Children Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by psychiatric and behavioral comorbidities. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) provides valid and well-established measures of emotional, behavioral, and social problems in children and adolescents. The aim of the present study was to verify whether emotional, behavioral, and social problems were modulated by ASD symptom severity, cognitive development, gender, and age by analyzing the CBCL in a large group of children and adolescents with ASD. The results show that around 30% of participants with ASD exhibited internalizing problems and only 6% externalizing problems, with males exhibiting more internalizing problems than females. No correlation was found between CBCL scores and indices of ASD severity. However, higher CBCL Total Problems scores were found in older children and in children with lower cognitive abilities. The detection of behavioral and emotional problems allows children with ASD to undergo specific and individualized treatment that takes into account their psychopathological problems.

PMID:31404318

PMCID:PMC6676343

DOI:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00535

Comportement lié au harcèlement chez les adolescents avec autisme: liens avec la sévérité de l'autisme et les problèmes émotionnels et comportementaux

Aperçu: G.M.

Cette étude a examiné l'association entre les comportements liés à l'intimidation rapportés par les pairs (intimidateur, victime, outsider et défenseur), l'âge, le sexe, la gravité de l'autisme et les problèmes émotionnels et comportementaux évalués par les enseignants chez les adolescents avec un diagnostic de trouble du spectre de l'autisme, en utilisant une approche multi-informatrice . 

Les résultats montrent que l'intimidation a diminué avec l'âge et a été associée à des problèmes de comportement, alors que la victimisation était uniquement associée à des problèmes de pairs - un schéma de résultats comparables aux études explorant ces associations chez des enfants au  développement typique. Cependant, il y avait peu d'associations parmi les variables d'étude pour les comportements externes ou défensifs dans cet échantillon. Notamment, la gravité de l'autisme chez les enfants n'a pas permis de prédire de manière significative les comportements liés à l'intimidation.

Autism. 2017 May 1:1362361316686760. doi: 10.1177/1362361316686760.

Bullying-related behaviour in adolescents with autism: Links with autism severity and emotional and behavioural problems

Fink E¹, Olthof T², Goossens F², van der Meijden S², Begeer S².

Author information

1

1 University of Cambridge, UK.

2

2 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Abstract

This study examined the association between peer-reported bullying-related behaviours (bully, victim, outsider and defender), age, gender, autism severity and teacher-rated emotional and behavioural problems in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder, using a multi-informant approach. The sample comprised 120 adolescents (11% girls, M_age = 15.6 years, standard deviation = 1.89 years) attending a special school for children with autism. Results show that bullying decreased with age and was associated with behavioural problems, while victimisation was only associated with peer problems - a pattern of results comparable to studies exploring these associations in typically developing children. However, there were few associations among study variables for outsider or defender behaviours in this sample. Notably, children's autism severity did not significantly predict bullying-related behaviours.

PMID: 28514869

DOI: 10.1177/1362361316686760

Validation des échelles de comportement préscolaire et maternelle-2: enfants d'âge préscolaire avec un diagnostic de troubles du spectre de l'autisme

Aperçu: G.M.

Les déficits de compétences sociales et certains problèmes de comportement sont une question bien établie chez les enfants d'âge préscolaire avec un diagnostic de troubles du spectre de l'autisme (TSA). Cependant, la plupart des études disponibles analysent les compétences sociales ou les problèmes de comportement des enfants avec un diagnostic de TSA, mais pas les deux. La présente étude a pour but de comparer les aptitudes sociales et les problèmes de comportement de 32 enfants d'âge préscolaire avec TSA appairés à 32 enfants d'âge préscolaire au développement typique, comme preuve de validité de la version portugaise des échelles de comportement préscolaire et maternelle - Deuxième édition (PKBS-2).

Les résultats ont montré une différence statistiquement significative dans tous les scores de PKBS-2 entre les deux groupes, avec les enfants avec un diagnostic de TSA évalués avec moins de compétences sociales et plus de problèmes de comportement par les deux informateurs. L'analyse discriminante a mis en évidence les compétences sociales, les sous-activités/manque d'attention et le  retrait social comme étant plus précis dans la différenciation entre les deux groupes. 

Res Dev Disabil. 2017 Apr 28;65:86-96. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.04.008.

Validating the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales-2: Preschoolers with autism spectrum disorders

Major S¹, Seabra-Santos MJ², Albuquerque CP³.

Author information

1

Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal. Electronic address: smajor@fpce.uc.pt

2

Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal. Electronic address: seabramj@fpce.uc.pt.

3

Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal. Electronic address: calbuquerque@fpce.uc.pt.

Abstract

Social skills deficits and some behavior problems are a well-established issue in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, most of the studies available analyze social skills or behavior problems of children with ASD, but not both. The present study intends to compare the social skills and behavior problems of 32 preschoolers with ASD paired with 32 typically developing preschoolers, as evidence of validity of the Portuguese version of the Preschool and Kindergarten Behavior Scales - Second Edition (PKBS-2). Each child was rated independently by parents and teachers. Results showed a statistically significant difference in all PKBS-2 scores between the two groups, with the children with ASD rated with fewer social skills and more behavior problems by both informants. The discriminant analysis highlighted the three Social Skills, the Over-Activity/Lack of Attention and Social Withdrawal subscales as more accurate in differentiating between the two groups. The implications of using a single behavior rating scale that can be filled in by different informants (parents and teachers) to assess positive and negative behaviors are emphasized. Furthermore, the usefulness of the PKBS-2 as a screening assessment tool that could be used in clinical practice and intervention with preschoolers with ASD is discussed.


Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.



PMID: 28460218

DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.04.008

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Efficacy of behavioral interventions for reducing problem behavior in persons with autism: An updated quantitative synthesis of single-subject research

Traduction: G.M.

Res Dev Disabil. 2014 Oct;35(10):2463-2476. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.06.017. Epub 2014 Jun 30.

Efficacité des interventions comportementales pour réduire les problèmes de comportement chez les personnes avec autisme: Une synthèse quantitative mise à jour de la recherche sur un sujet unique 

Heyvaert M1, Saenen L2, Campbell JM3, Maes B2, Onghena P2.

Author information

• 1Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences - KU Leuven, Belgium; Postdoctoral Fellow of the Research Foundation - Flanders, Belgium. Electronic address: Mieke.Heyvaert@ppw.kuleuven.be
• 2Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences - KU Leuven, Belgium.
• 3Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Kentucky, United States.

Abstract

Problem or challenging behaviors are highly prevalent among persons with autism and bring along major risks for the individual with autism and his/her family. In order to reduce the problem behavior, several behavioral interventions are used. We conducted a quantitative synthesis of single-subject studies to examine the efficacy of behavioral interventions for reducing problem behavior in persons with autism. Two hundred and thirteen studies representing 358 persons with autism met the inclusion criteria and were included in the statistical analyses. Overall, we found that behavioral interventions were on average effective in reducing problem behavior in individuals with autism, but some interventions were significantly more effective than others. The results further showed that the use of positive (nonaversive) behavioral interventions was increasing over time. The behavioral interventions were on average equally effective regardless of the type of problem behavior that was targeted. Interventions preceded by a functional analysis reduced problem behavior significantly more than interventions not preceded by a functional analysis. Finally, treatment and experimental characteristics, but not participant characteristics, were statistically significant moderators of the behavioral treatment effectiveness.

Copyright © 20

14 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Résumé

Les troubles du comportements ou comportements défis sont très fréquents chez les personnes avec autisme et représentent des risques majeurs pour la personne autiste et sa famille. Afin de réduire le trouble du comportement, plusieurs interventions comportementales sont utilisées. 

Nous avons effectué une synthèse quantitative des études à sujet unique d'examiner l'efficacité des interventions comportementales pour réduire les problèmes de comportement chez les personnes atteintes d'autisme. Deux cent treize études représentant 358 personnes avec autisme ont rencontré les critères d'inclusion et ont été incluses dans les analyses statistiques. Dans l'ensemble, nous avons constaté que des interventions comportementales étaient en moyenne efficaces pour réduire les problèmes de comportement chez les personnes avec autisme, mais certaines interventions étaient significativement plus efficaces que d'autres.

Les résultats ont également montré que l'utilisation d'interventions comportementales positives (nonaversivse) a augmenté au fil du temps. Les interventions comportementales sont en moyenne aussi efficaces quel que soit le type de problème de comportement qui a été ciblé.

Les interventions précédées d'une analyse fonctionnelle réduisent le problème de comportement beaucoup plus que les interventions non précédée par une analyse fonctionnelle. 

Enfin, le traitement et les caractéristiques expérimentales, mais pas les caractéristiques des participants, étaient statistiquement des modérateurs significatifs de l'efficacité de la thérapie comportementale. 

PMID: 

24992447