Aperçu: G.M.
Les
troubles du spectre de l'autisme (TSA) et les troubles obsessionnels
compulsifs (TOC) sont souvent comorbides et partagent des similitudes
entre certains phénotypes cognitifs, y compris certains aspects de
l'attention. Cependant, aucune étude d'imagerie par résonance magnétique
fonctionnelle n'a comparé les mécanismes neuraux sous-jacents
contribuant à ces phénotypes partagés.
L'activation cérébrale et la performance ont été comparées chez les
adolescents appariés selon l'âge et le QI (11-17 ans) avec un diagnostic de TSA (n =
20), avec des TOC (n = 20) et sans TSA ni TOC
(n = 20).
Alors
que les garçons avec un diagnostic de TSA et de TOC ne sont pas affectés dans les
performances de la tâche, il existait un groupe significatif
d'interactions de charge d'attention dans plusieurs régions du cerveau. Avec
l'augmentation de la charge d'attention, le cortex frontal / insula
inférieur gauche et le lobe pariétal inférieur gauche / gyrus pré /
post-central étaient progressivement moins activés chez les garçons
avec des TOC par rapport aux deux autres groupes. De
plus, les garçons avec TOC ont montré une augmentation
progressive de l'activation avec une charge d'attention croissante dans
le cortex préfrontal / cingulaire antérieur rostromédial par rapport aux
garçons avec diagnostic de TSA et aux garçons témoins. Les anomalies neurofonctionnelles partagées entre les garçons avec un diagnostic de TSA et les garçons avec des TOC comprenaient une activation
accrue avec une charge d'attention croissante dans les régions du
cervelet et de l'occipital, reflétant peut-être une activation accrue du
mode par défaut.
Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2017 Nov;2(8):644-654. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.12.005.
Disorder-Specific and Shared Brain Abnormalities During Vigilance in Autism and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Carlisi CO1, Norman L1, Murphy CM1,2,3, Christakou A4, Chantiluke K1, Giampietro V5, Simmons A5,6,7, Brammer M5, Murphy DG2,3; MRC AIMS Consortium, Mataix-Cols D8, Rubia K1.
Author information
- 1
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopmental Sciences, London.
- 2
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London.
- 3
- Behavioural Genetics Clinic, Adult Autism Service, Behavioural and Developmental Psychiatry Clinical Academic Group, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London.
- 4
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom.
- 5
- Department of Neuroimaging, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London.
- 6
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London.
- 7
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (AS), Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Stockholm, Sweden.
- 8
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience(DM-C), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Abstract
Background:
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are often comorbid and share similarities across some cognitive phenotypes, including certain aspects of attention. However, no functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have compared the underlying neural mechanisms contributing to these shared phenotypes.Methods:
Age- and IQ-matched boys (11-17 years old) with ASD (n = 20), boys with OCD (n = 20), and healthy control boys (n = 20) performed a parametrically modulated psychomotor vigilance functional magnetic resonance imaging task. Brain activation and performance were compared among adolescents with OCD, adolescents with ASD, and control adolescents.Results:
Whereas boys with ASD and OCD were not impaired on task performance, there was a significant group by attention load interaction in several brain regions. With increasing attention load, left inferior frontal cortex/insula and left inferior parietal lobe/pre/post-central gyrus were progressively less activated in boys with OCD relative to the other two groups. In addition, boys with OCD showed progressively increased activation with increasing attention load in rostromedial prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex relative to boys with ASD and control boys. Shared neurofunctional abnormalities between boys with ASD and boys with OCD included increased activation with increasing attention load in cerebellum and occipital regions, possibly reflecting increased default mode network activation.Conclusions:
This first functional magnetic resonance imaging study to compare boys with ASD and OCD showed shared abnormalities in posterior cerebellar-occipital brain regions. However, boys with OCD showed a disorder-specific pattern of reduced activation in left inferior frontal and temporo-parietal regions but increased activation of medial frontal regions, which may potentially be related to neurobiological mechanisms underlying cognitive and clinical phenotypes of OCD.- PMID29167833
- PMCID:PMC5685008
- DOI:10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.12.005
