Le profil de la mémoire épisodique dans les "troubles du spectre de l'autisme": une méta-analyse bayésienne

Aperçu: G.M.

Bien que les "troubles du spectre de l'autisme" (TSA) soient généralement caractérisés par une mémoire épisodique diminuée, la littérature dans ce domaine est mitigée.
Nous abordons ces résultats inconsistants en utilisant une méta-analyse bayésienne à plusieurs niveaux pour quantifier les différences de mémoire épisodiques entre les personnes avec un diagnostic de TSA et les témoins au développement typique (TD).
Nous avons utilisé la méta-régression pour évaluer les effets de la modalité de test (par exemple, liste de mots, rappel d'histoire), de l'intervalle de retard (immédiat vs retardé), des demandes de récupération (reconnaissance vs rappel) et de la modalité sensorielle (auditive vs visuelle) sur la mémoire épisodique dans les TSA.
Un total de 338 tailles d'effet provenant de 113 articles empiriques, dont 5 632 participants uniques (TSA = 2 777, DT = 2 855), ont été inclus. 

Les résultats montrent que les déficits de mémoire associés aux TSA étaient plus importants pour le rappel (g = -0,52, se = 0,04, 95% CrI [-0,60, -0,43]) par rapport à la reconnaissance (g = -0,25, se = 0,05, 95% CrI [-0,35, -0,14]) et différaient en fonction de la modalité de test.
Par exemple, les tailles d'effet étaient les plus petites pour les mots (g = -0,28, se = 0,05, 95% CrI [-0,38, -0,18]), les images (g = -0,38, se = 0,07, 95% CrI [-0,52, - 0,24]) et la reproduction de la figure (g = -0,49, se = 0,11, 95% CrI [-0,70, -0,27]).
Cependant, les tailles d'effet pour les phrases (g = -0,59, se = 0,20, 95% CrI [-1,00, -0,21]), les histoires (Hedges 'g = -0,54, se = 0,08, 95% CrI [-0,69, -0,38 ]) et les événements par étapes (g = -0,75, se = 0,10, 95% CrI [-0,95, -0,55]) étaient beaucoup plus importants. 

Ces résultats suggèrent que le TSA est associé à une réduction faible à moyenne des scores aux tests de mémoire épisodique par rapport aux témoins TD.

. 2021 May 5. doi: 10.1007/s11065-021-09493-5. 

The Episodic Memory Profile in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Bayesian Meta-Analysis

Jason W Griffin  ¹ , Russell Bauer  ² , Brandon E Gavett  ³

Affiliations

• PMID: 33954915
• DOI: 10.1007/s11065-021-09493-5

Abstract

Although autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are commonly characterized by diminished episodic memory, the literature in this area is mixed. We address these inconsistent findings by employing multilevel Bayesian meta-analysis to quantify episodic memory differences between individuals with ASD and typically developing (TD) controls. We used meta-regression to evaluate the effects of test modality (e.g., word list, story recall), delay interval (immediate vs. delayed), retrieval demands (recognition vs. recall), and sensory modality (auditory vs. visual) on episodic memory in ASD. A total of 338 effect sizes from 113 empirical articles, including 5,632 unique participants (ASD = 2,777, TD = 2,855), were included. Results show that the memory deficits associated with ASD were larger for recall (g = -0.52, se = 0.04, 95% CrI [-0.60, -0.43]) compared to recognition (g = -0.25, se = 0.05, 95% CrI [-0.35, -0.14]) and differed based on the testing modality. For example, effect sizes were smallest for words (g = -0.28, se = 0.05, 95% CrI [-0.38, -0.18]), pictures (g = -0.38, se = 0.07, 95% CrI [-0.52, -0.24]), and figure reproduction (g = -0.49, se = 0.11, 95% CrI [-0.70, -0.27]). However, effect sizes for sentences (g = -0.59, se = 0.20, 95% CrI [-1.00, -0.21]), stories (Hedges' g = -0.54, se = 0.08, 95% CrI [-0.69, -0.38]) and staged events (g = -0.75, se = 0.10, 95% CrI [-0.95, -0.55]) were much larger. These findings suggest that ASD is associated with a small to medium reduction in scores on episodic memory tests relative to TD controls.

Keywords: ASD; Neuropsychological tests; Recall; Recognition; Systematic review.

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