Apprendre avec des résultats d’intérêt individuel dans le trouble du spectre de l’autisme

Aperçu: G.M.

Des travaux récents ont suggéré des réponses de récompense neuronales atypiques chez les personnes avec un diagnostic de "troubles du spectre de l'autisme (dTSA), en particulier pour les renforçateurs sociaux. On en sait moins sur les réponses neuronales à des intérêts restreints et peu d'études ont examiné la réponse aux récompenses dans un contexte d'apprentissage. Nous avons étudié les différences neurophysiologiques dans l'apprentissage par renforcement entre les adolescents avec dTSA et les adolescents au développement typique (TD) (27 dTSA, 31 TD). 

Un IRMf a été réalisé lors d'une tâche d'apprentissage au cours de laquelle les participants ont choisi l'une des deux portes pour révéler un résultat d'image. Les portes différaient quant à leur probabilité de montrer des images aimées et non aimées, individualisées pour chaque participant. Les participants ont choisi la porte jumelée avec les images préférées, mais pas la porte jumelée avec les images non-aimées, ce qui est nettement supérieur à la chance et l’attribution de choix ne diffère pas entre les groupes. Fait intéressant, les participants avec dTSA ont fait des choix moins conformes à leurs préférences initiales. Nous avons trouvé une réponse neuronale prédictive-erreur au moment du résultat dans les cortex cingulaire préfrontal et postérieur ventromédial qui ne différait pas entre les groupes. 

Ensemble, les résultats comportementaux et neuronaux suggèrent que l'apprentissage avec les résultats des intérêts individuels n'est pas différent entre les individus avec et sans dTSA, ce qui ajoute à notre compréhension des aspects motivationnels du TSA.

 

 

Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2019 May 28;38:100668. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100668.

Learning with individual-interest outcomes in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Schuetze M¹, Cho IYK², Vinette S³, Rivard KB⁴, Rohr CS⁵, Ten Eycke K⁶, Cozma A³, McMorris C⁷, McCrimmon A⁸, Dewey D⁹, Bray SL¹⁰.

Author information

1

Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Canada. Electronic address: manuschuetze@gmail.com.

2

Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Foothills Campus, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.

3

Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Canada.

4

Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada.

5

Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Foothills Campus, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.

6

Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada.

7

Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada; Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada.

8

Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada; Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.

9

Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, 3D10, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.

10

Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Alberta Children's Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Foothills Campus, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, AB, T3B 6A8, Canada.

Abstract

Recent work has suggested atypical neural reward responses in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), particularly for social reinforcers. Less is known about neural responses to restricted interests and few studies have investigated response to rewards in a learning context. We investigated neurophysiological differences in reinforcement learning between adolescents with ASD and typically developing (TD) adolescents (27 ASD, 31 TD). FMRI was acquired during a learning task in which participants chose one of two doors to reveal an image outcome. Doors differed in their probability of showing liked and not-liked images, which were individualized for each participant. Participants chose the door paired with liked images, but not the door paired with not-liked images, significantly above chance and choice allocation did not differ between groups. Interestingly, participants with ASD made choices less consistent with their initial door preferences. We found a neural prediction-error response at the time of outcome in the ventromedial prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortices that did not differ between groups. Together, behavioural and neural findings suggest that learning with individual interest outcomes is not different between individuals with and without ASD, adding to our understanding of motivational aspects of ASD.

Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

PMID:31174061

DOI:10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100668