`` Enquêter sur les associations longitudinales entre le sommeil rapporté par les parents dans la petite enfance et le fonctionnement exécutif rapporté par l'enseignant chez les enfants autistes d'âge scolaire ''

 Aperçu: G.M.

Jusqu'à 80% des enfants avec un diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme" (dTSA) souffrent de troubles du sommeil. Un mauvais sommeil altère le fonctionnement exécutif (FE), une difficulté à vie dans les TSA. Les preuves suggèrent que les difficultés de FE dans les TSA sont exacerbées par un mauvais sommeil. 

Nous examinons si les troubles du sommeil de la petite enfance sont associés à une aggravation des trajectoires de FE chez les enfants d'âge scolaire avec un dTSA.
Un sous-échantillon (n = 217) de l'étude longitudinale Pathways in TSA a été analysé. Le questionnaire sur les habitudes de sommeil des enfants a capturé la durée du sommeil, le début et les réveils nocturnes avant l'âge de 5 ans (moyenne = 3,5 ans). Les indices de métacognition (IM) et de régulation comportementale (BRI), sur l'inventaire d'évaluation du comportement des enseignants du fonctionnement exécutif, ont été utilisés pour mesurer les composantes cognitives et affectives de la FE respectivement à quatre moments (7,8 à 11,8 ans). Nous avons appliqué des modèles de courbe de croissance latente pour examiner les associations entre le sommeil et la FE, en tenant compte des covariables pertinentes, y compris le sommeil d'âge scolaire (moyenne = 6,7 ans). 

Les traits de sommeil avaient des impacts différents liés à l'âge sur la régulation du comportement, mais pas sur la métacognition.
Un endormissement plus long à 3,5 ans était associé à une aggravation de la pente des difficultés d'BRI (b = 2,07, p <0,04), mais à l'inverse associé à des difficultés de BRI plus faibles à 7,7 ans (b = -4,14, p = 0,04).
Un endormissement plus long à 6,7 ans était lié à des difficultés de BRI plus élevées à 7,7 ans (b = 7,78, p <0,01).
Une durée de sommeil plus longue à 6,7 ans était associée à des difficultés de BRI plus élevées à 7,7 ans (b = 3,15, p = 0,01), mais les analyses de sous-échelle ont révélé qu'une durée de sommeil plus courte à 6,7 ans était liée à une aggravation de la pente d'inhibition (b = -0,60, p = 0,01). 

L'apparition du sommeil est un corrélat précoce robuste de la régulation du comportement chez les enfants avec un dTSA, alors que la durée du sommeil est un corrélat plus tardif de l'enfance.

. 2021 May 14;zsab122.  doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsab122.

'Investigating longitudinal associations between parent reported sleep in early childhood and teacher reported executive functioning in school-aged children with autism'

Rackeb Tesfaye  ¹ , Nicola Wright  ² , Anat Zaidman-Zait  ³ , Rachael Bedford  ^{4   5} , Lonnie Zwaigenbaum  ⁶ , Connor M Kerns  ⁷ , Eric Duku  ⁸ , Pat Mirenda  ⁹ , Teresa Bennett  ⁸ , Stelios Georgiades  ⁸ , Isabel M Smith  ¹⁰ , Tracy Vaillancourt  ¹¹ , Andrew Pickles  ² , Peter Szatmari  ^{12   13   14} , Mayada Elsabbagh  ¹ , Pathways Team.

Affiliations

• PMID: 33987680
• DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab122

Abstract

Up to 80% of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience sleep disturbance. Poor sleep impairs executive functioning (EF), a lifelong difficulty in ASD. Evidence suggests EF difficulties in ASD are exacerbated by poor sleep. We examine whether early childhood sleep disturbances are associated with worsening EF trajectories in school-aged children with ASD. A subsample (n=217) from the Pathways in ASD longitudinal study was analyzed. The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire captured sleep duration, onset, and night awakenings before age 5 (Mean=3.5years). Metacognition (MI) and Behavioral Regulation (BRI) indices, on the Teacher Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning, were used to measure cognitive and affective components of EF respectively at four time-points (7.8-11.8years). We applied latent growth curve models to examine associations between sleep and EF, accounting for relevant covariates, including school-age sleep (Mean=6.7years). Sleep traits had different age-related impacts on behavioral regulation, but not metacognition. Longer sleep onset at 3.5 years was associated with a worsening BRI difficulties slope (b=2.07, p<0.04), but conversely associated with lower BRI difficulties at 7.7 years (b=-4.14, p=0.04). A longer sleep onset at 6.7 years was related to higher BRI difficulties at 7.7 years (b=7.78, p<0.01). Longer sleep duration at 6.7 years was associated with higher BRI difficulties at age 7.7 (b=3.15, p=0.01), but subscale analyses revealed shorter sleep duration at age 6.7 was linked to a worsening inhibition slope (b=-0.60, p=0.01). Sleep onset is a robust early correlate of behavior regulation in children with ASD, whereas sleep duration is a later childhood correlate.

Keywords: autism; children; development; executive functioning; sleep.

Relations entre les comportements restreints et répétitifs et les aptitudes sociales chez les tout-petits autistes

 Aperçu: G.M.

 Nous avons examiné les relations entre les comportements restreints et répétitifs (CRR :  insistance sur la similitude, les comportements sensori-moteurs répétitifs, l'automutilation) avec les compétences sociales en général et les aspects qui comprennent les compétences sociales telles que mesurées par le VABS-II (capacités d'adaptation, jeu / loisirs temps, relations interpersonnelles) chez les tout-petits de 24 (n = 63) et 36 mois (n = 35), à haut risque familial et diagnostiqués TSA.
Les résultats de la régression linéaire hiérarchique ont indiqué que la répétition sensori-motrice était le meilleur prédicteur des habiletés sociales en général.
Les résultats secondaires ont indiqué que les trois sous-types de CRR étaient associés à chaque sous-domaine de compétences sociales; cependant, les effets sensori-moteurs répétitifs étaient les plus forts et les plus constants parmi ces effets.
Bien que nos résultats suggèrent une relation négative générale entre les sous-types de CRR et les aspects de la fonction sociale adaptative, les comportements sensori-moteurs répétitifs peuvent être particulièrement pertinents pour le développement des compétences sociales pendant la petite enfance.

doi: 10.1007/s10803-021-05014-8. 

Relations of Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors to Social Skills in Toddlers with Autism

Pang Chaxiong  ¹ , Catherine Burrows  ¹ , Kelly N Botteron  ² , Stephen R Dager  ³ , Annette M Estes  ³ , Heather C Hazlett  ⁴ , Robert T Schultz  ⁵ , Lonnie Zwaigenbaum  ⁶ , Joseph Piven ^{#  4} , Jason Wolff ^{#  7} , IBIS Network

Collaborators, Affiliations

• PMID: 33956255
• DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05014-8

Abstract

We examined the relations of restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRB; insistence on sameness, repetitive sensory-motor, self-injurious behavior) to social skills overall and aspects that comprise social skills as measured by the VABS-II (coping skills, play/leisure time, interpersonal relationships) in 24- (n = 63) and 36-month old (n = 35), high-familial-risk toddlers with ASD. Hierarchical linear regression results indicated that repetitive sensory-motor was the best predictor of social skills overall. Secondary results indicated that all three RRB subtypes were associated with each subdomain of social skills; however, repetitive sensory-motor was the strongest and most consistent among these effects. While our results suggests a general negative relation of subtypes of RRB to aspects of adaptive social function, repetitive sensory-motor behaviors may be of particular relevance to the development of social skills during toddlerhood.

Keywords: Autism; Insistence on sameness; Repetitive sensory-motor; Restricted repetitive behavior; Self-injurious behavior; Social skills.

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Une mesure basée sur la vidéo pour identifier le risque d'autisme en bas âge

Aperçu: G.M.

CONTEXTE:
Les signes de l'autisme sont présents dans les 2 premières années de la vie, mais l'âge moyen du diagnostic est à la traîne . Des instruments qui améliorent la détection du risque d'autisme chez les jeunes enfants sont nécessaires. Cette étude a développé et testé les propriétés psychométriques d'une nouvelle approche basée sur la vidéo pour détecter les TSA dans la petite enfance.
METHODES:
Une étude longitudinale prospective sur les enfants présentant un risque élevé ou moindre de "troubles du spectre de l'autisme". Les participants étaient 76 nourrissons avec un frère aîné avec un diagnostic de TSA (dTSA) et 37 nourrissons sans antécédents familiaux d'autisme connus. Le système de classification vidéo des enfants en bas âge pour l'autisme (VIRSA) est une application Web qui présente des paires de vidéos de parents et de nourrissons jouant ensemble et qui requiert des jugements à choix forcés sur la vidéo la plus proche de l'enfant évalué. Les parents ont évalué les participants à la VIRSA à 6, 9, 12 et 18 mois. Nous avons examiné la fiabilité moitié-moitié et test-retest; validité convergente et discriminante; et la sensibilité, la spécificité et la valeur prédictive négative et positive pour les diagnostics de TSA simultanés et à 36 mois.
RÉSULTATS:
La VIRSA a démontré une fiabilité satisfaisante et une validité convergente et discriminante. Les taux de VIRSA étaient significativement plus bas chez les enfants diagnostiqués avec un TSA que chez ceux avec un développement typique à l'âge de 12 mois. Les scores VIRSA à 18 mois identifiaient tous les enfants avec un dTSA diagnostiqués à cet âge, ainsi que 78% des enfants diagnostiqués à 36 mois.
CONCLUSIONS:
Cette étude représente une première étape dans le développement d'une nouvelle approche vidéo pour la détection des TSA dans la petite enfance. Les propriétés psychométriques de VIRSA étaient prometteuses lorsqu'elles étaient utilisées par des parents ayant un enfant âgé, mais doivent toujours être testées dans des échantillons de la communauté sans antécédents familiaux de TSA. 

Si les résultats sont reproduits, le format Web de la VIRSA, allégé sur le Web, peut potentiellement réduire les disparités dans les communautés ayant un accès limité au dépistage.

J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2019 Aug 1. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13105.

A video-based measure to identify autism risk in infancy

Young GS¹, Constantino JN², Dvorak S³, Belding A¹, Gangi D¹, Hill A¹, Hill M¹, Miller M¹, Parikh C¹, Schwichtenberg AJ⁴, Solis E¹, Ozonoff S¹.

Author information

1

Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.

2

Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.

3

Information and Educational Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.

4

Department of Human Development & Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Signs of autism are present in the first 2 years of life, but the average age of diagnosis lags far behind. Instruments that improve detection of autism risk in infancy are needed. This study developed and tested the psychometric properties of a novel video-based approach to detecting ASD in infancy.

METHODS:

A prospective longitudinal study of children at elevated or lower risk for autism spectrum disorder was conducted. Participants were 76 infants with an older sibling with ASD and 37 infants with no known family history of autism. The Video-referenced Infant Rating System for Autism (VIRSA) is a web-based application that presents pairs of videos of parents and infants playing together and requires forced-choice judgments of which video is most similar to the child being rated. Parents rated participants on the VIRSA at 6, 9, 12, and 18 months of age. We examined split-half and test-retest reliability; convergent and discriminant validity; and sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive value for concurrent and 36-month ASD diagnoses.

RESULTS:

The VIRSA demonstrated satisfactory reliability and convergent and discriminant validity. VIRSA ratings were significantly lower for children ultimately diagnosed with ASD than children with typical development by 12 months of age. VIRSA scores at 18 months identified all children diagnosed with ASD at that age, as well as 78% of children diagnosed at 36 months.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study represents an initial step in the development of a novel video-based approach to detection of ASD in infancy. The VIRSA's psychometric properties were promising when used by parents with an older affected child, but still must be tested in community samples with no family history of ASD. If results are replicated, then the VIRSA's low-burden, web-based format has the potential to reduce disparities in communities with limited access to screening.

© 2019 Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health.

PMID:31369150

DOI:10.1111/jcpp.13105