Sommeil chez les enfants avec des troubles neurodéveloppementaux pendant la COVID-19 : une revue intégrative

Aperçu: G.M.

Introduction
Les problèmes de sommeil surviennent à des taux plus élevés chez les enfants atteints de troubles neurodéveloppementaux que dans la population typique. L'impact de la COVID-19 sur les problèmes de sommeil dans cette population est peu connu. Des recherches approfondies dans les bases de données ont été utilisées pour identifier les articles, et 31 études ont été considérées comme appropriées pour cette revue. 

Résultats
La plupart des études ont signalé une aggravation des troubles du sommeil pendant les restrictions liées à la COVID-19. Toutes les études ont été menées lorsque les cliniques étaient fermées ; seules deux études ont porté sur les options de traitement telles que la musicothérapie et l'éducation à l'hygiène du sommeil et ont constaté une amélioration des problèmes de sommeil. 

Discussion
Les recherches futures doivent se concentrer sur le développement d'interventions pour aider les familles à distance et donner aux familles une boîte à outils de préparation en temps de crise. 

. 2022 Oct 11;S0891-5245(22)00290-5.

doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2022.10.001. Online ahead of print.

Sleep in Children With Neurodevelopmental Disabilities During COVID-19: An Integrative Review

Rebecca Kronk  ¹ , Inah Kim  ² , David Nolfi  ³

Affiliations

• PMID: 36334949
• DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2022.10.001

Abstract

Introduction: Sleep issues occur at higher rates in children with neurodevelopmental disorders than in the typical population. Little is known about the impact of COVID-19 on sleep issues in this population METHOD: This integrative review aimed to characterize studies during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2022) addressing the prevalence and management of sleep issues in children and youth with neurodevelopmental disorders.Comprehensive database searches were used to identify articles, and 31 studies were considered suitable for this review.

Results: Most studies reported worsening sleep disturbances during COVID-19 restrictions. All studies were conducted when clinics were closed; only two studies addressed treatment options such as music therapy and sleep hygiene education and found improvement in sleep issues.

Discussion: Future research needs to concentrate on developing interventions to assist families remotely and empower families with a toolkit of preparedness in times of crisis.

Keywords: COVID-19; Neurodevelopmental disability; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; autism spectrum disorders; sleep quality.

Insomnie chez les enfants avec un diagnostic de trouble du spectre de l'autisme: une étude transversale sur les corrélats cliniques et le stress parental

Aperçu: G.M.

Résumé
L'insomnie est l'un des troubles concomitants les plus courants chez les enfants avec un diagnostic de troubles du spectre de l'autisme (dTSA). Le but de cette étude de cohorte transversale de 270 enfants avec un dTSA était d'évaluer la prévalence de l'insomnie à l'aide de l'échelle d'impression globale clinique du sommeil pédiatrique et de corréler les problèmes de sommeil avec le niveau cognitif, le comportement adaptatif, le stress parental, les problèmes comportementaux et émotionnels, et sévérité des principaux symptômes. 

Nos résultats ont révélé qu'un tiers des enfants souffraient d'insomnie et étaient liés à des comportements adaptatifs réduits et à des niveaux plus élevés de stress parental et de problèmes comportementaux et émotionnels. L'insomnie doit être évaluée chez les enfants avec un dTSA afin de définir une intervention appropriée pour potentiellement atténuer la gravité des corrélats cliniques et le fardeau parental.

. 2022 Oct 30.

doi: 10.1007/s10803-022-05793-8. Online ahead of print.

Insomnia in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study on Clinical Correlates and Parental Stress

Berloco Bianca  ^{1   2} , Guerrera Silvia  ¹ , Fucà Elisa  ¹ , Menghini Deny  ³ , Valeri Giovanni  ¹ , Nobili Lino  ^{2   4} , Vicari Stefano  ^{1   5}

Affiliations

• PMID: 36310306
• DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05793-8

Abstract

Insomnia is one of the most common co-occurring disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose of this cross-sectional cohort study of 270 children with ASD was to assess the prevalence of insomnia using the Pediatric Sleep Clinical Global Impression Scale and to correlate sleep problems with cognitive level, adaptive behavior, parental stress, behavioral and emotional problems, and severity of core symptoms. Our findings revealed that one-third of children had insomnia and were related to reduced adaptive behaviors and higher levels of parental stress and behavioral and emotional problems. Insomnia must be evaluated in children with ASD to define an appropriate intervention to potentially alleviate the severity of clinical correlates and parental burden.

Keywords: Adaptive behaviors; Externalizing symptoms; Internalizing symptoms; Sleep.

© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

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`` Enquêter sur les associations longitudinales entre le sommeil rapporté par les parents dans la petite enfance et le fonctionnement exécutif rapporté par l'enseignant chez les enfants autistes d'âge scolaire ''

 Aperçu: G.M.

Jusqu'à 80% des enfants avec un diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme" (dTSA) souffrent de troubles du sommeil. Un mauvais sommeil altère le fonctionnement exécutif (FE), une difficulté à vie dans les TSA. Les preuves suggèrent que les difficultés de FE dans les TSA sont exacerbées par un mauvais sommeil. 

Nous examinons si les troubles du sommeil de la petite enfance sont associés à une aggravation des trajectoires de FE chez les enfants d'âge scolaire avec un dTSA.
Un sous-échantillon (n = 217) de l'étude longitudinale Pathways in TSA a été analysé. Le questionnaire sur les habitudes de sommeil des enfants a capturé la durée du sommeil, le début et les réveils nocturnes avant l'âge de 5 ans (moyenne = 3,5 ans). Les indices de métacognition (IM) et de régulation comportementale (BRI), sur l'inventaire d'évaluation du comportement des enseignants du fonctionnement exécutif, ont été utilisés pour mesurer les composantes cognitives et affectives de la FE respectivement à quatre moments (7,8 à 11,8 ans). Nous avons appliqué des modèles de courbe de croissance latente pour examiner les associations entre le sommeil et la FE, en tenant compte des covariables pertinentes, y compris le sommeil d'âge scolaire (moyenne = 6,7 ans). 

Les traits de sommeil avaient des impacts différents liés à l'âge sur la régulation du comportement, mais pas sur la métacognition.
Un endormissement plus long à 3,5 ans était associé à une aggravation de la pente des difficultés d'BRI (b = 2,07, p <0,04), mais à l'inverse associé à des difficultés de BRI plus faibles à 7,7 ans (b = -4,14, p = 0,04).
Un endormissement plus long à 6,7 ans était lié à des difficultés de BRI plus élevées à 7,7 ans (b = 7,78, p <0,01).
Une durée de sommeil plus longue à 6,7 ans était associée à des difficultés de BRI plus élevées à 7,7 ans (b = 3,15, p = 0,01), mais les analyses de sous-échelle ont révélé qu'une durée de sommeil plus courte à 6,7 ans était liée à une aggravation de la pente d'inhibition (b = -0,60, p = 0,01). 

L'apparition du sommeil est un corrélat précoce robuste de la régulation du comportement chez les enfants avec un dTSA, alors que la durée du sommeil est un corrélat plus tardif de l'enfance.

. 2021 May 14;zsab122.  doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsab122.

'Investigating longitudinal associations between parent reported sleep in early childhood and teacher reported executive functioning in school-aged children with autism'

Rackeb Tesfaye  ¹ , Nicola Wright  ² , Anat Zaidman-Zait  ³ , Rachael Bedford  ^{4   5} , Lonnie Zwaigenbaum  ⁶ , Connor M Kerns  ⁷ , Eric Duku  ⁸ , Pat Mirenda  ⁹ , Teresa Bennett  ⁸ , Stelios Georgiades  ⁸ , Isabel M Smith  ¹⁰ , Tracy Vaillancourt  ¹¹ , Andrew Pickles  ² , Peter Szatmari  ^{12   13   14} , Mayada Elsabbagh  ¹ , Pathways Team.

Affiliations

• PMID: 33987680
• DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab122

Abstract

Up to 80% of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience sleep disturbance. Poor sleep impairs executive functioning (EF), a lifelong difficulty in ASD. Evidence suggests EF difficulties in ASD are exacerbated by poor sleep. We examine whether early childhood sleep disturbances are associated with worsening EF trajectories in school-aged children with ASD. A subsample (n=217) from the Pathways in ASD longitudinal study was analyzed. The Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire captured sleep duration, onset, and night awakenings before age 5 (Mean=3.5years). Metacognition (MI) and Behavioral Regulation (BRI) indices, on the Teacher Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning, were used to measure cognitive and affective components of EF respectively at four time-points (7.8-11.8years). We applied latent growth curve models to examine associations between sleep and EF, accounting for relevant covariates, including school-age sleep (Mean=6.7years). Sleep traits had different age-related impacts on behavioral regulation, but not metacognition. Longer sleep onset at 3.5 years was associated with a worsening BRI difficulties slope (b=2.07, p<0.04), but conversely associated with lower BRI difficulties at 7.7 years (b=-4.14, p=0.04). A longer sleep onset at 6.7 years was related to higher BRI difficulties at 7.7 years (b=7.78, p<0.01). Longer sleep duration at 6.7 years was associated with higher BRI difficulties at age 7.7 (b=3.15, p=0.01), but subscale analyses revealed shorter sleep duration at age 6.7 was linked to a worsening inhibition slope (b=-0.60, p=0.01). Sleep onset is a robust early correlate of behavior regulation in children with ASD, whereas sleep duration is a later childhood correlate.

Keywords: autism; children; development; executive functioning; sleep.