Déploiement de l'attention auditive chez les jeunes adultes avec un diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme"

Aperçu: G.M.

La difficulté à écouter dans des environnements bruyants est une plainte fréquente des personnes avec un diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme" (dTSA). Cependant, les mécanismes sous-jacents à ces défis de traitement auditif sont inconnus. 

Cette étude préliminaire a examiné le déploiement de l'attention auditive chez les adultes avec un dTSA. Les participants ont été invités à maintenir ou à changer l'attention entre deux flux vocaux simultanés dans trois conditions: emplacement (co-localisé contre ± 30 ° de séparation), voix (même voix contre contraste homme-femme) et les deux signaux ensemble. 

Les résultats ont montré que les personnes avec un dTSA peuvent diriger l'attention de manière sélective en utilisant l'emplacement ou les indices vocaux, mais la performance était meilleure lorsque les deux signaux étaient présents. En comparaison avec les adultes neurotypiques, la performance globale était moins précise dans toutes les conditions. 

Ces résultats justifient une enquête plus approfondie sur les différences de déploiement de l'attention auditive chez les personnes avec un TSA.

. 2021 May 19.  doi: 10.1007/s10803-021-05076-8. 

Auditory Attention Deployment in Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Katherine A Emmons  ¹ , Adrian Kc Lee  ^{2   3} , Annette Estes  ^{1   2} , Stephen Dager  ⁴ , Eric Larson  ³ , Daniel R McCloy  ³ , Tanya St John  ¹ , Bonnie K Lau  ^{5   6}

Affiliations

• PMID: 34013478
• DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05076-8

Abstract

Difficulty listening in noisy environments is a common complaint of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the mechanisms underlying such auditory processing challenges are unknown. This preliminary study investigated auditory attention deployment in adults with ASD. Participants were instructed to maintain or switch attention between two simultaneous speech streams in three conditions: location (co-located versus ± 30° separation), voice (same voice versus male-female contrast), and both cues together. Results showed that individuals with ASD can selectively direct attention using location or voice cues, but performance was best when both cues were present. In comparison to neurotypical adults, overall performance was less accurate across all conditions. These findings warrant further investigation into auditory attention deployment differences in individuals with ASD.

Keywords: Auditory attention; Auditory processing; Autism spectrum disorder; Selective attention; Speech perception.

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Contraste des effets de la difficulté de la tâche et de la charge perceptive sur la sensibilité de détection auditive chez les personnes avec un diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme"

Aperçu: G.M.
Pour tester une hypothèse centrale du compte accru de la capacité de perception chez les personnes avec un diagnostic de "troubles du spectre de l'autisme" (dTSA), les effets de la charge perceptuelle et de la dégradation cible-stimulus sur la sensibilité de détection auditive ont été mis en contraste. Quatorze adolescents avec dTSA et 16 contrôles neurotypiques ont effectué une recherche visuelle de lettres dans trois conditions: faible charge perceptive, charge perceptuelle élevée et faible charge perceptuelle avec une cible dégradée, tout en détectant simultanément une tonalité auditive dans le bruit. 
Pour les participants avec dTSA et les contrôles neurotypiques, l'augmentation de la charge perceptuelle et la dégradation de la cible ont augmenté la difficulté de la tâche pour la fonction des temps de réaction et de la précision.  
Cependant, seule l'augmentation de la charge perceptuelle a réduit la sensibilité de détection auditive ultérieure. 
L'étude confirme que la charge perceptuelle, et non la difficulté de la tâche, module l'attention sélective dans les TSA.

J Autism Dev Disord. 2018 Sep 22. doi: 10.1007/s10803-018-3766-8.

Contrasting the Effects of Task Difficulty and Perceptual Load on Auditory Detection Sensitivity in Individuals with Autism

Tillmann J^1,2, Swettenham J³.

Author information

1

Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK. julian.tillmann@kcl.ac.uk

2

Department of Applied Psychology: Health, Development, Enhancement, and Intervention, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. julian.tillmann@kcl.ac.uk.

3

Department of Language and Cognition, University College London, London, UK.

Abstract

To test a central assumption of the increased perceptual capacity account in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), the effects of perceptual load and target-stimulus degradation on auditory detection sensitivity were contrasted. Fourteen adolescents with ASD and 16 neurotypical controls performed a visual letter search task under three conditions: low perceptual load, high perceptual load and low perceptual load with a degraded target while simultaneously detecting an auditory tone in noise. For both participants with ASD and neurotypical controls, increasing perceptual load and target degradation increased task difficulty as indexed by reaction times and accuracy. However, only increasing perceptual load reduced subsequent auditory detection sensitivity. The study confirms that perceptual load, and not task difficulty, modulates selective attention in ASD.

PMID:30244392

DOI:10.1007/s10803-018-3766-8