Les mastocytes dans la neuroinflammation et les troubles du cerveau

Aperçu: G.M.

Il est bien reconnu que la neuroinflammation est impliquée dans la pathogenèse de diverses maladies neurodégénératives. La microglie et les astrocytes sont des composants pathogènes majeurs dans ce processus et sont connus pour répondre aux médiateurs pro-inflammatoires libérés des cellules immunitaires telles que les mastocytes. Les mastocytes résident dans le cerveau et constituent une source importante de molécules inflammatoires.

Les mastocytes sont considérés comme des premiers intervenants et peuvent initier et amplifier les réponses immunitaires dans le cerveau. Leur rôle possible dans les troubles neurodégénératifs tels que la sclérose en plaques, la maladie d'Alzheimer et l'autisme a suscité un intérêt croissant. 

Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017 May 9. pii: S0149-7634(17)30029-5. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.05.001.

Mast cells in neuroinflammation and brain disorders

Hendriksen E¹, van Bergeijk D¹, Oosting RS¹, Redegeld FA².

Author information

1

Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.

2

Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, The Netherlands. Electronic address: f.a.m.redegeld@uu.nl.

Abstract

It is well recognized that neuroinflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia and astrocytes are major pathogenic components within this process and known to respond to proinflammatory mediators released from immune cells such as mast cells. Mast cells reside in the brain and are an important source of inflammatory molecules. Mast cell interactions with glial cells and neurons result in the release of mediators such as cytokines, proteases and reactive oxygen species. During neuroinflammation, excessive levels of these mediators can influence neurogenesis, neurodegeneration and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Mast cells are considered first responders and are able to initiate and magnify immune responses in the brain. Their possible role in neurodegenerative disorders such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease and autism has gained increasing interest. We discuss the possible involvement of mast cells and their mediators in neurogenesis, neurodegeneration and BBB permeability and their role in neuronal disorders such as cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury, neuropathic pain, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, migraine, autism, and depression.

Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

PMID: 28499503

DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.05.001