Suppressions et duplications du syndrome de Williams: fenêtres génétiques pour comprendre l'anxiété, la socialité, l'autisme et la schizophrénie

Aperçu: G.M.

Les chercheurs décrivent et évaluent une hypothèse intégrative pour aider à expliquer les principales caractéristiques neurocognitives des individus atteints de délétions et de doublons de la région du syndrome de Williams.  

Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017 May 10;79:14-26. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.05.004.

Williams syndrome deletions and duplications: Genetic windows to understanding anxiety, sociality, autism, and schizophrenia

Crespi BJ¹, Procyshyn TL².

Author information

1

Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada. Electronic address: crespi@sfu.ca

2

Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, V5A 1S6, Canada.

Abstract

We describe and evaluate an integrative hypothesis for helping to explain the major neurocognitive features of individuals with Williams syndrome region deletions and duplications. First, we demonstrate how the cognitive differences between Williams syndrome individuals, individuals with duplications of this region, and healthy individuals parallel the differences between individuals subject to effects of increased or decreased oxytocin. Second, we synthesize evidence showing that variation in expression of the gene GTF2I (General Transcription Factor II-I) underlies the primary social phenotypes of Williams syndrome and that common genetic variation in GTF2I mediates oxytocin reactivity, and its correlates, in healthy populations. Third, we describe findings relevant to the hypothesis that the GTF2I gene is subject to parent of origin effects whose behavioral expression fits with predictions from the kinship theory of genomic imprinting. Fourth, we describe how Williams syndrome can be considered, in part, as an autistic syndrome of Lorna Wing's 'active-but-odd' autism subtype, in contrast to associations of duplications with both schizophrenia and autism.

Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

PMID: 28499504

DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.05.004