Aperçu: G.M.
La
présente étude examine les associations entre la structure du cerveau
et la capacité de communication linguistique / sociale chez les
adolescents et les jeunes adultes avec un diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme" (dTSA) par rapport aux adolescents et jeunes adultes neurotypiques. Les chercheurs ont utilisé l'épaisseur du cortex cérébral comme mesure de la
structure cérébrale et ont trouvé différentes corrélations entre
la capacité du langage ou de la communication sociale et l'épaisseur
corticale dans des régions distinctes pour les groupes TSA et TD.
Ces résultats suggèrent que pour les régions impliquées dans la
capacité de communication linguistique / sociale, une diminution de
l'épaisseur corticale est associée à une altération accrue du langage
pragmatique et des capacités de communication sociale des TSA.
Autism Res. 2018 Aug;11(8):1175-1186. doi: 10.1002/aur.1969.
Dissociations in the neural substrates of language and social functioning in autism spectrum disorder
Crutcher J1, Martin A1, Wallace GL1,2.
Author information
- 1
- Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
- 2
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia.
Abstract
Impairments in social communication (coupled with intact nonsocial language skills) are common in autism spectrum disorder
(ASD). However, the neural correlates of these social communication
deficits in adolescents and young adults with ASD are not fully
understood. The communication checklist self-report (CC-SR) was
administered to adolescents and young adults with ASD (n = 52) and
typically developing (TD) controls (n = 64) to assess
structural-language, pragmatic-language, and social-engagement. One
high-resolution T1-weighted structural image was obtained from each
participant. FreeSurfer was used to quantify cortical thickness. A main
effect of diagnosis, with the ASD group performing worse than the TD
group on all three CC-SR scales, and a diagnosis by scale interaction,
driven by low social-engagement self-ratings in the ASD group, were
found. There were also group differences in the relationship between
scores on two of the three CC-SR scales and cortical thickness in
multiple regions (pragmatic-language: left rostral frontal;
social-engagement: left medial prefrontal). These interactions were
driven by poorer self-ratings of language/social skills associated with
decreased cortical thickness in the ASD group, while in the TD group
worse self-ratings were associated with thicker cortex. Self-ratings of
language/social-communication were lower in the ASD than the TD group.
Moreover, language/social-communication self-ratings showed a different
relationship with cortical thickness for the ASD and TD groups in the
left inferior frontal region for pragmatic language ratings and the left
medial prefrontal cortex for social engagement ratings. These findings
suggest thinner cortex is associated with more impaired pragmatic
language and social communication abilities in ASD. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1175-1186. © 2018 International Society for Autism
Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: The present study
examines the associations between brain structure and language/social
communication ability in adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorder
(ASD) as compared to neurotypical adolescents and young adults. We
utilized thickness of the cerebral cortex as a measure of brain
structure, and we found different correlations between language or
social communication ability and cortical thickness in distinct regions
for the ASD and TD groups. These findings suggest that for regions
implicated in language/social communication ability, decreased cortical
thickness is associated with more impaired pragmatic language and social
communication abilities in ASD.
- PMID:30365251
- DOI:1.1002/aur.1969
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