08 mai 2021

Expériences des pères concernant le diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme" de leur enfant: une revue narrative de la recherche internationale

Aperçu: G.M.

But et objectifs:
Le but de cette revue systématique était d'identifier les points de vue et les expériences des pères concernant le diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme" de leur enfant. 

Contexte:
Le diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme" d'un enfant peut être une expérience stressante, créant de l'incertitude pour les parents. Il y a eu une recherche limitée sur les points de vue et les expériences des pères en ce qui concerne le diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme" de leur enfant. 

Conception:
Une revue systématique de la littérature des études de recherche quantitatives, qualitatives et de méthodes mixtes. Sources de données: Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, MEDLINE et PsycINFO. 

Méthodes:
D'août à octobre 2020, deux auteurs ont indépendamment procédé à une extraction systématique des données et évalué les études à l'aide d'un instrument reconnu. La liste de contrôle PRISMA a été utilisée dans l'examen. 

Résultats:
Neuf articles répondaient aux critères d'inclusion. Quatre thèmes ont émergé: (a) la reconnaissance graduelle du retard de développement, (b) un moment émotionnel, (c) faire face et adaptation et (d) les ajustements continus du rôle de père. 

Conclusions:
Les infirmières et autres professionnels doivent travailler en collaboration avec les pères pour améliorer leurs expériences et fournir du soutien au moment du diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme".

. 2021 May 5. doi: 10.1111/jocn.15781. 

Experiences of fathers regarding the diagnosis of their child with autism spectrum disorder: A narrative review of the international research

Michael Brown  1 , Lynne Marsh  1 , Edward McCann  2
Affiliations

Abstract

Aim and objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to identify the views and experiences of fathers regarding their child's Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis.

Background: The diagnosis of a child's Autism Spectrum Disorder may be a stressful experience, creating uncertainty for parents. There has been a limited research focus on the views and experiences of fathers in relation to the diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder of their child.

Design: A systematic literature review of quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods research studies.

Data sources: Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, MEDLINE and PsycINFO.

Methods: From August to October 2020, two authors independently performed a systematic data extraction and appraised the studies using a recognised instrument. The PRISMA checklist was used in the review.

Results: Nine papers met the inclusion criteria. Four themes emerged: (a) gradual recognition of developmental delay, (b) an emotional time, (c) coping and adaptation and (d) ongoing adjustments to the fathering role.

Conclusions: Nurses and other professionals need to work collaboratively with fathers to improve their experiences and provide supports at the time of Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis.

Keywords: ASD; autism spectrum disorder; diagnosis; fathers; nurses; support; systematic review.

References

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07 mai 2021

Mise en œuvre de la thérapie assistée par les chiens dans l'approche thérapeutique des personnes avec un diagnostic de "troubles du spectre de l'autisme"

 Aperçu: G.M.

Une intervention holistique est nécessaire pour les personnes avec un diagnostic de "troubles du spectre de l'autisme". Notre objectif était de travailler avec ces personnes de manière multidisciplinaire grâce à l'utilisation de la thérapie assistée par les animaux, en trouvant des améliorations dans le groupe expérimental par rapport au groupe témoin dans les différentes zones évaluées.

Extraits :  

Pour les personnes avec un diagnostic de TSA (dTSA), les chiens sont actuellement utilisés pour 2 types de tâches. D'une part, il y a les chiens de thérapie: ceux qui sont directement incorporés dans les traitements thérapeutiques; et d'autre part, les chiens d'assistance, ceux qui reçoivent une formation spécialisée pour répondre de manière appropriée à tout besoin dans la vie quotidienne des enfants avec un dTSA et de leurs familles. 

Les chiens agissent en facilitant la communication, en restaurant les émotions, en stimulant multisensoriellement sans préjugés, et en incitant au jeu. En même temps, ils deviennent des façonneurs du comportement, augmentant les capacités relationnelles et introduisant une «partie de la nature» dans une séance de thérapie. Les chiens sont normalement les animaux les plus utilisés dans ces types de thérapies, pour obtenir un traitement plus holistique. Pour démontrer l'efficacité de l'AAT chez les chiens chez les personnes avec un dTSA, dans le cas de notre étude, nous avons utilisé le chien comme cothérapeute pour une intervention holistique, non seulement chez les enfants mais aussi chez les adultes; il existe très peu de travaux de recherche sur l'AAT chez les enfants avec un dTSA, mais aucune étude n'a été trouvée chez les adultes. Il n'y a que 2 études de revue sur la thérapie assistée par le chien chez les enfants avec un dTSA. Par conséquent, nous avons considéré la nécessité d'approfondir notre compréhension du bénéfice spécifique que l'AAT avec les chiens apporte dans les cas de TSA, quel que soit l'âge du patient, et nous nous sommes concentrés sur les 3 principaux domaines d'interaction interpersonnelle: le langage, le comportement et l'émotionnel. 

La présente étude se concentre sur l'analyse de l'application de la thérapie assistée par le chien et de l'intervention comportementale pour les personnes avec un dTSA dans la ville de Lorca (Murcie, Espagne), par une équipe multidisciplinaire (psychiatre, psychologue, infirmière et physiothérapeute). Ainsi, l'objectif général énoncé était de mettre en œuvre et d'évaluer les résultats d'un projet AAT pour analyser les améliorations qu'il a engendrées chez les personnes avec un dTSA.  Les objectifs spécifiques étaient d'étudier les améliorations possibles dans le domaine du langage et de la compréhension, ainsi que dans le domaine du comportement et dans le domaine des relations sociales et affectives; analyser le degré de motivation et de concentration lors des sessions AAT; et pour effectuer une comparaison de l'état avant et après l'intervention entre les groupes expérimental et témoin pour identifier les changements tels que déterminés par la thérapie. Le but est de démontrer la valeur de l'AAT en tant que thérapie complémentaire et la nécessité d'une formation sur leur utilisation dans les domaines des soins infirmiers et de la santé.  

Conclusion: 

Au vu des résultats trouvés, on peut indiquer que l'utilisation de chiens à des fins thérapeutiques auprès de personnes avec un dTSA apporte des bénéfices complémentaires principalement dans les domaines du langage, de la compréhension et du comportement, favorisant les relations sociales et l'expression émotionnelle. En même temps, il augmente la motivation et la concentration pendant l'intervention thérapeutique, permettant l'amélioration ou le maintien de la qualité de vie des participants. La rigueur dans le plan d'intervention, la collaboration avec les centres et institutions par le travail d'équipe, et l'attention adéquate envers le chien cothérapeute sont cruciales.

L'AAT est un outil efficace pour travailler et corriger les comportements stéréotypés et est d'une grande contribution pour la stimulation multisensorielle, fournissant des réponses adaptatives contre les stimuli visuels, auditifs ou tactiles. Il favorise également une augmentation significative de la participation des participants aux séances de thérapie, en favorisant une grande variété de comportements sociaux et en améliorant la quantité et la qualité des interactions, aussi bien avec les humains qu'avec les chiens.
Nous avons vérifié que l'AAT augmente significativement le niveau de motivation dans les séances thérapeutiques, ce qui se traduit par un grand intérêt pour la participation aux activités d'apprentissage. Cela signifie également un degré élevé de concentration et d'attention à la tâche, de sorte que l'AAT puisse être considérée comme un facilitateur pour la réalisation d'objectifs thérapeutiques et pédagogiques.

Nous pensons que l'utilisation de chiens dans les interventions thérapeutiques est conseillée comme outil pour le professionnel de la santé ou l'éducateur pour atteindre les objectifs plus rapidement et aussi pour améliorer la qualité de vie et l'intégration sociale des personnes avec un dTSA. 

L'intervention avec le chien doit être rendue possible avec toutes les disciplines impliquées dans le traitement de ce groupe d'individus (psychiatrie, psychologie, orthophoniste, ergothérapeute, infirmières, etc.), où tous peuvent bénéficier de la relation homme-chien. 

. 2020 Sep-Oct 01;34(5):282-290.  doi: 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000403.

Implementation of Assisted Therapy With Dogs in the Therapeutic Approach to People With Autistic Spectrum Disorder

Isabel Morales-Moreno  1 , Francisca Cerezo-Chuecos, Serafín Balanza-Galindo, Magdalena Gómez-Díaz, Paloma Echevarría-Pérez
Affiliations

Abstract

A holistic intervention is needed for individuals who suffer from autism spectrum disorders. Our objective was to work with these individuals in a multidisciplinary manner through the use of animal-assisted therapy, finding improvements in the experimental group as compared with the control group in the different evaluated areas.

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Détection visuelle et compétences de décodage de la photographie aérienne par des adultes avec uin diagnostic de "troubles du spectre de l'autisme" (dTSA)

 Aperçu: G.M.

Malgré les défis dans les compétences de communication sociale, les personnes avec un dTSA affichent souvent des forces dans le traitement visuel.
L'analyse de la photographie aérienne est une profession qui repose sur de solides compétences en traitement visuel qui correspondent à ce profil unique.
Nous avons étudié la vision de base et les tâches visuelles «réelles» chez 20 jeunes adultes avec un dTSA et 20 «jeunes» avec un développment typique (TD). Les tests de vision de base comprenaient la recherche visuelle, les figures incorporées et la vigilance; Les tests «vie réelle» comprenaient la détection et l'identification de photographies aériennes. 

Les groupes se sont aussi bien comportés et ne différaient pas de manière significative sur aucune tâche. L'étude démontre de solides compétences visuelles chez les personnes avec un dTSA dans des contextes de base et de la «vie réelle», et soutient l'idée qu'elles peuvent être bien adaptés à l'emploi dans des professions qui exigent des compétences de perception visuelle élevées telles que l'analyse de la photographie aérienne.

. 2021 May 4. doi: 10.1007/s10803-021-05039-z. 

Visual Detection and Decoding Skills of Aerial Photography by Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Hadas Marciano  1   2 , Eynat Gal  3 , Ruth Kimchi  4 , Darren Hedley  5 , Yael Goldfarb  3 , Yoram S Bonneh  6
Affiliations

Abstract

Despite challenges in social communication skills people with ASD often display strengths in visual processing. Aerial photography analysis is an occupation reliant on strong visual processing skills that matches this unique profile. We investigated basic-vision and "real-life" visual tasks in 20 cognitively-able young adults with ASD and 20 typically-developed (TD) "gamers". Basic-vision tests included Visual-Search, Embedded-Figures, and Vigilance; "real-life" tests included aerial-photograph detection and identification. Groups performed equally well, and did not differ significantly on any tasks. The study demonstrates strong visual skills in people with ASD in basic and "real-life" settings, and supports the idea that they may be well suited for employment in occupations that demand high visual perception skills such as aerial photography analysis.

Keywords: Autism spectrum disorders; Cognition (attention, learning, memory); Visual decoding; Visual perception; Visual search; Vocational/labor force participation.

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