A New Methodology of Viewing Extra-Axial Fluid and Cortical Abnormalities in Children with Autism via Transcranial Ultrasonography

Traduction partielle: G.M.

Front Hum Neurosci. 2014 Jan 15;7:934. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00934. eCollection 2014.

Une nouvelle méthodologie de la vision des anomalies corticales et des fluides extra axials chez les enfants avec autisme par échographie transcrânienne

Bradstreet JJ¹, Pacini S², Ruggiero M³.

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Résumé

Contexte

Les troubles du spectre autistique ( TSA ) sont des conditions de développement d'étiologie incertaine qui ont touchent plus de 1 % de la population d'âge scolaire des enfants dans de nombreux pays développés . L'échographie transcrânienne (TUS ) par l'intermédiaire de l'os temporal semble être une fenêtre d'investigation pour déterminer la présence de deux anomalies corticales et une augmentation du liquide extra- axiale (EAF ) .  
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are developmental conditions of uncertain etiology which have now affected more than 1% of the school-age population of children in many developed nations. Transcranial ultrasonography (TUS) via the temporal bone appeared to be a potential window of investigation to determine the presence of both cortical abnormalities and increased extra-axial fluid (EAF).

Méthodes

TUS was accomplished using a linear probe (10-5 MHz). Parents volunteered ASD subjects (N = 23; males 18, females 5) for evaluations (mean = 7.46 years ± 3.97 years), and 15 neurotypical siblings were also examined (mean = 7.15 years ± 4.49 years). Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS2(®)) scores were obtained and the ASD score mean was 48.08 + 6.79 (Severe).

Résultats

Les comparaisons des espaces extra- axiales indiquent une augmentation chez les sujets de TSA . Comparisons of the extra-axial spaces indicated increases in the ASD subjects. For EAF we scored based on the gyral summit distances between the arachnoid membrane and the cortical pia layer (subarachnoid space): (1) <0.05 cm, (2) 0.05-0.07 cm, (3) 0.08-0.10 cm, (4) >0.10 cm. All of the neurotypical siblings scored 1, whereas the ASD mean score was 3.41 ± 0.67. We also defined cortical dysplasia as the following: hypoechoic lesions within the substance of the cortex, or disturbed layering within the gray matter. For cortical dysplasia we scored: (1) none observed, (2) rare hypoechogenic lesions and/or mildly atypical cortical layering patterns, (3) more common, but separated areas of cortical hypoechogenic lesions, (4) very common or confluent areas of cortical hypoechogenicity. Again all of the neurotypical siblings scored 1, while the ASD subjects' mean score was 2.79 ± 0.93.

Conclusion

TUS peut être une technique de dépistage utile pour les enfants à risque de TSA qui , si elle est confirmée par de nouvelles études et l'IRM à haute résolution , offre une repérage rapide, non - invasif de l'EAF , et des lésions corticales .

PMID: 24459462