Détection visuelle et compétences de décodage de la photographie aérienne par des adultes avec uin diagnostic de "troubles du spectre de l'autisme" (dTSA)

 Aperçu: G.M.

Malgré les défis dans les compétences de communication sociale, les personnes avec un dTSA affichent souvent des forces dans le traitement visuel.
L'analyse de la photographie aérienne est une profession qui repose sur de solides compétences en traitement visuel qui correspondent à ce profil unique.
Nous avons étudié la vision de base et les tâches visuelles «réelles» chez 20 jeunes adultes avec un dTSA et 20 «jeunes» avec un développment typique (TD). Les tests de vision de base comprenaient la recherche visuelle, les figures incorporées et la vigilance; Les tests «vie réelle» comprenaient la détection et l'identification de photographies aériennes. 

Les groupes se sont aussi bien comportés et ne différaient pas de manière significative sur aucune tâche. L'étude démontre de solides compétences visuelles chez les personnes avec un dTSA dans des contextes de base et de la «vie réelle», et soutient l'idée qu'elles peuvent être bien adaptés à l'emploi dans des professions qui exigent des compétences de perception visuelle élevées telles que l'analyse de la photographie aérienne.

. 2021 May 4. doi: 10.1007/s10803-021-05039-z. 

Visual Detection and Decoding Skills of Aerial Photography by Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Hadas Marciano  ^{1   2} , Eynat Gal  ³ , Ruth Kimchi  ⁴ , Darren Hedley  ⁵ , Yael Goldfarb  ³ , Yoram S Bonneh  ⁶

Affiliations

• PMID: 33948824
• DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05039-z

Abstract

Despite challenges in social communication skills people with ASD often display strengths in visual processing. Aerial photography analysis is an occupation reliant on strong visual processing skills that matches this unique profile. We investigated basic-vision and "real-life" visual tasks in 20 cognitively-able young adults with ASD and 20 typically-developed (TD) "gamers". Basic-vision tests included Visual-Search, Embedded-Figures, and Vigilance; "real-life" tests included aerial-photograph detection and identification. Groups performed equally well, and did not differ significantly on any tasks. The study demonstrates strong visual skills in people with ASD in basic and "real-life" settings, and supports the idea that they may be well suited for employment in occupations that demand high visual perception skills such as aerial photography analysis.

Keywords: Autism spectrum disorders; Cognition (attention, learning, memory); Visual decoding; Visual perception; Visual search; Vocational/labor force participation.

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Une méta-analyse du microbiote intestinal chez les enfants autistes

Aperçu: G.M.

Des études antérieures ont rapporté une dysbiose dans le microbiote intestinal (MI) d'enfants avec un diagnostic du "trouble du spectre de l'autisme" (dTSA), qui peut être un facteur déterminant sur le développement de l'enfant à travers l'axe microbiote-intestin-cerveau. Cependant, on ne sait pas s'il existe un groupe spécifique de bactéries dysbiotiques dans les TSA. 

Le but de cette étude était de réaliser une méta-analyse sur les études qui analysent le MI chez les enfants avec un dTSA. 18 études remplissaient nos critères de sélection. 

Nos résultats ont montré une plus faible abondance relative de Streptococcus (SMD + = - 0,999; IC à 95% - 1,549, - 0,449) et de genres Bifidobacterium (SMD + = - 0,513; IC à 95% - 0,953, - 0,073) chez les enfants avec un dTSA. Dans l'ensemble, les genres Bifidobacterium sont impliqués. Cependant, les différences constatées entre les études sont attribuées à des facteurs tels que le biais de déclaration.

. 2021 May 5. doi: 10.1007/s10803-021-05002-y.

A Meta-analysis of Gut Microbiota in Children with Autism

Pedro Andreo-Martínez  ^{1   2} , María Rubio-Aparicio  ³ , Julio Sánchez-Meca  ⁴ , Alejandro Veas  ⁵ , Agustín Ernesto Martínez-González  ^{6   7}

Affiliations

• PMID: 33948825
• DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05002-y

Abstract

Previous studies have reported dysbiosis in the gut microbiota (GM) of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), which may be a determining factor on child development through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, it is not clear if there is a specific group of dysbiotic bacteria in ASD. The aim of this study was to carry out a meta-analysis on the studies that analyze GM in children with ASD. 18 studies fulfilled our selection criteria. Our results showed a lower relative abundance of Streptococcus (SMD₊ = - 0.999; 95% CI - 1.549, - 0.449) and Bifidobacterium genera (SMD₊ = - 0.513; 95% CI - 0.953, - 0.073) in children with ASD. Overall, the Bifidobacterium genera is involved. However, differences found between studies are attributed to factors such as reporting bias.

Keywords: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD); Gut microbiota; Meta-analysis; Microbiota-gut-brain axis; Systematic review.

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