Relations entre les comportements restreints et répétitifs et les aptitudes sociales chez les tout-petits autistes

 Aperçu: G.M.

 Nous avons examiné les relations entre les comportements restreints et répétitifs (CRR :  insistance sur la similitude, les comportements sensori-moteurs répétitifs, l'automutilation) avec les compétences sociales en général et les aspects qui comprennent les compétences sociales telles que mesurées par le VABS-II (capacités d'adaptation, jeu / loisirs temps, relations interpersonnelles) chez les tout-petits de 24 (n = 63) et 36 mois (n = 35), à haut risque familial et diagnostiqués TSA.
Les résultats de la régression linéaire hiérarchique ont indiqué que la répétition sensori-motrice était le meilleur prédicteur des habiletés sociales en général.
Les résultats secondaires ont indiqué que les trois sous-types de CRR étaient associés à chaque sous-domaine de compétences sociales; cependant, les effets sensori-moteurs répétitifs étaient les plus forts et les plus constants parmi ces effets.
Bien que nos résultats suggèrent une relation négative générale entre les sous-types de CRR et les aspects de la fonction sociale adaptative, les comportements sensori-moteurs répétitifs peuvent être particulièrement pertinents pour le développement des compétences sociales pendant la petite enfance.

doi: 10.1007/s10803-021-05014-8. 

Relations of Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors to Social Skills in Toddlers with Autism

Pang Chaxiong  ¹ , Catherine Burrows  ¹ , Kelly N Botteron  ² , Stephen R Dager  ³ , Annette M Estes  ³ , Heather C Hazlett  ⁴ , Robert T Schultz  ⁵ , Lonnie Zwaigenbaum  ⁶ , Joseph Piven ^{#  4} , Jason Wolff ^{#  7} , IBIS Network

Collaborators, Affiliations

• PMID: 33956255
• DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05014-8

Abstract

We examined the relations of restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRB; insistence on sameness, repetitive sensory-motor, self-injurious behavior) to social skills overall and aspects that comprise social skills as measured by the VABS-II (coping skills, play/leisure time, interpersonal relationships) in 24- (n = 63) and 36-month old (n = 35), high-familial-risk toddlers with ASD. Hierarchical linear regression results indicated that repetitive sensory-motor was the best predictor of social skills overall. Secondary results indicated that all three RRB subtypes were associated with each subdomain of social skills; however, repetitive sensory-motor was the strongest and most consistent among these effects. While our results suggests a general negative relation of subtypes of RRB to aspects of adaptive social function, repetitive sensory-motor behaviors may be of particular relevance to the development of social skills during toddlerhood.

Keywords: Autism; Insistence on sameness; Repetitive sensory-motor; Restricted repetitive behavior; Self-injurious behavior; Social skills.

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Attention visuelle aux cibles repérées sur les écrans de communication augmentative simulée assistée et alternative pour les personnes avec des troubles intellectuels et de développement

 Aperçu: G.M.

Objectif
De nombreux systèmes de communication augmentative et alternative assistée (CAA) nécessitent l'utilisation d'un écran externe qui est représenté via une modalité visuelle. Il est essentiel d'évaluer et de comprendre le traitement visuel-perceptif chez les personnes handicapées qui pourraient bénéficier de la CAA. Une façon d'évaluer la façon dont les individus traitent les matériaux visuels consiste à utiliser des technologies automatisées de suivi oculaire basées sur la recherche qui obtiennent un flux de données à granularité fine concernant les orientations du regard lors de l'attention visuelle. 

Méthode
L'étude actuelle a examiné la façon dont les personnes avec un diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme" (n = 13), du syndrome de Down (n = 13), d'une déficience intellectuelle et développementale (n = 9) ou d'un développement typique (n = 20) ont répondu à une touche de navigation de la taille d'une vignette dans un affichage CCA complexe, comprenant un affichage de la scène visuelle principale (SVP) et une barre de navigation de quatre SVP de la taille d'une vignette. Les stimuli ont été présentés sur un moniteur contenant une technologie de recherche automatisée de suivi oculaire qui enregistrait des modèles d'attention visuelle. 

Résultats
Les participants de tous les groupes ont passé plus de temps à fixer une image de navigation SVP miniature cible après la présentation du signal vocal pour regarder la cible, par rapport à avant la présentation du signal vocal; ils ont également passé plus de temps à regarder le SVP miniature cible que les autres SVP de taille miniature dans la barre de navigation après le signal. 

Discussion
Les participants ont pu localiser les SVP miniatures cibles, même dans le contexte d'un affichage CAA  visuellement complexe. Les implications pour la conception des écrans CAA et pour l'évaluation de la compréhension sont discutées.

Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research Research Article5 May 2021

Visual Attention to Cued Targets in Simulated Aided Augmentative and Alternative Communication Displays for Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Krista M. Wilkinson

,

Tara O'Neill Zimmerman  and Janice Light

https://doi.org/10.1044/2021_JSLHR-20-00451

 

Abstract

Purpose

Many aided augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems require the use of an external display that is represented via a visual modality. It is critical to evaluate and understand visual–perceptual processing in individuals with disabilities who could benefit from AAC. One way to evaluate how individuals process visual materials is through research-based automated eye-tracking technologies that obtain a fine-grained stream of data concerning gaze paths of visual attention.

Method

The current study examined how individuals with autism spectrum disorder (n = 13), Down syndrome (n = 13), intellectual and developmental disabilities (n = 9), or typical development (n = 20) responded to a spoken prompt to find a thumbnail-sized navigation key within a complex AAC display, including a main visual scene display (VSD) and a navigation bar of four thumbnail-sized VSDs. Stimuli were presented on a monitor containing automated eye-tracking research technology that recorded patterns of visual attention.

Results

Participants across groups spent more time fixating on a target thumbnail VSD navigation image after the presentation of the spoken cue to look at the target, compared to before the presentation of the spoken cue; they also spent more time looking at the target thumbnail VSD than the other thumbnail-sized VSDs in the navigation bar after the cue.

Discussion

Participants were able to locate the target thumbnail VSDs, even within the context of a visually complex AAC display. Implications for the design of AAC displays and for assessment of comprehension are discussed.

Expériences des pères concernant le diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme" de leur enfant: une revue narrative de la recherche internationale

Aperçu: G.M.

But et objectifs:
Le but de cette revue systématique était d'identifier les points de vue et les expériences des pères concernant le diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme" de leur enfant. 

Contexte:
Le diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme" d'un enfant peut être une expérience stressante, créant de l'incertitude pour les parents. Il y a eu une recherche limitée sur les points de vue et les expériences des pères en ce qui concerne le diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme" de leur enfant. 

Conception:
Une revue systématique de la littérature des études de recherche quantitatives, qualitatives et de méthodes mixtes. Sources de données: Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, MEDLINE et PsycINFO. 

Méthodes:
D'août à octobre 2020, deux auteurs ont indépendamment procédé à une extraction systématique des données et évalué les études à l'aide d'un instrument reconnu. La liste de contrôle PRISMA a été utilisée dans l'examen. 

Résultats:
Neuf articles répondaient aux critères d'inclusion. Quatre thèmes ont émergé: (a) la reconnaissance graduelle du retard de développement, (b) un moment émotionnel, (c) faire face et adaptation et (d) les ajustements continus du rôle de père. 

Conclusions:
Les infirmières et autres professionnels doivent travailler en collaboration avec les pères pour améliorer leurs expériences et fournir du soutien au moment du diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme".

. 2021 May 5. doi: 10.1111/jocn.15781. 

Experiences of fathers regarding the diagnosis of their child with autism spectrum disorder: A narrative review of the international research

Michael Brown  ¹ , Lynne Marsh  ¹ , Edward McCann  ²

Affiliations

• PMID: 33951251
• DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15781

Abstract

Aim and objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to identify the views and experiences of fathers regarding their child's Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis.

Background: The diagnosis of a child's Autism Spectrum Disorder may be a stressful experience, creating uncertainty for parents. There has been a limited research focus on the views and experiences of fathers in relation to the diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder of their child.

Design: A systematic literature review of quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods research studies.

Data sources: Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, MEDLINE and PsycINFO.

Methods: From August to October 2020, two authors independently performed a systematic data extraction and appraised the studies using a recognised instrument. The PRISMA checklist was used in the review.

Results: Nine papers met the inclusion criteria. Four themes emerged: (a) gradual recognition of developmental delay, (b) an emotional time, (c) coping and adaptation and (d) ongoing adjustments to the fathering role.

Conclusions: Nurses and other professionals need to work collaboratively with fathers to improve their experiences and provide supports at the time of Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis.

Keywords: ASD; autism spectrum disorder; diagnosis; fathers; nurses; support; systematic review.

© 2021 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Nursing published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Mise en œuvre de la thérapie assistée par les chiens dans l'approche thérapeutique des personnes avec un diagnostic de "troubles du spectre de l'autisme"

 Aperçu: G.M.

Une intervention holistique est nécessaire pour les personnes avec un diagnostic de "troubles du spectre de l'autisme". Notre objectif était de travailler avec ces personnes de manière multidisciplinaire grâce à l'utilisation de la thérapie assistée par les animaux, en trouvant des améliorations dans le groupe expérimental par rapport au groupe témoin dans les différentes zones évaluées.

Extraits :  

Pour les personnes avec un diagnostic de TSA (dTSA), les chiens sont actuellement utilisés pour 2 types de tâches. D'une part, il y a les chiens de thérapie: ceux qui sont directement incorporés dans les traitements thérapeutiques; et d'autre part, les chiens d'assistance, ceux qui reçoivent une formation spécialisée pour répondre de manière appropriée à tout besoin dans la vie quotidienne des enfants avec un dTSA et de leurs familles. 

Les chiens agissent en facilitant la communication, en restaurant les émotions, en stimulant multisensoriellement sans préjugés, et en incitant au jeu. En même temps, ils deviennent des façonneurs du comportement, augmentant les capacités relationnelles et introduisant une «partie de la nature» dans une séance de thérapie. Les chiens sont normalement les animaux les plus utilisés dans ces types de thérapies, pour obtenir un traitement plus holistique. Pour démontrer l'efficacité de l'AAT chez les chiens chez les personnes avec un dTSA, dans le cas de notre étude, nous avons utilisé le chien comme cothérapeute pour une intervention holistique, non seulement chez les enfants mais aussi chez les adultes; il existe très peu de travaux de recherche sur l'AAT chez les enfants avec un dTSA, mais aucune étude n'a été trouvée chez les adultes. Il n'y a que 2 études de revue sur la thérapie assistée par le chien chez les enfants avec un dTSA. Par conséquent, nous avons considéré la nécessité d'approfondir notre compréhension du bénéfice spécifique que l'AAT avec les chiens apporte dans les cas de TSA, quel que soit l'âge du patient, et nous nous sommes concentrés sur les 3 principaux domaines d'interaction interpersonnelle: le langage, le comportement et l'émotionnel. 

La présente étude se concentre sur l'analyse de l'application de la thérapie assistée par le chien et de l'intervention comportementale pour les personnes avec un dTSA dans la ville de Lorca (Murcie, Espagne), par une équipe multidisciplinaire (psychiatre, psychologue, infirmière et physiothérapeute). Ainsi, l'objectif général énoncé était de mettre en œuvre et d'évaluer les résultats d'un projet AAT pour analyser les améliorations qu'il a engendrées chez les personnes avec un dTSA.  Les objectifs spécifiques étaient d'étudier les améliorations possibles dans le domaine du langage et de la compréhension, ainsi que dans le domaine du comportement et dans le domaine des relations sociales et affectives; analyser le degré de motivation et de concentration lors des sessions AAT; et pour effectuer une comparaison de l'état avant et après l'intervention entre les groupes expérimental et témoin pour identifier les changements tels que déterminés par la thérapie. Le but est de démontrer la valeur de l'AAT en tant que thérapie complémentaire et la nécessité d'une formation sur leur utilisation dans les domaines des soins infirmiers et de la santé.  

Conclusion: 

Au vu des résultats trouvés, on peut indiquer que l'utilisation de chiens à des fins thérapeutiques auprès de personnes avec un dTSA apporte des bénéfices complémentaires principalement dans les domaines du langage, de la compréhension et du comportement, favorisant les relations sociales et l'expression émotionnelle. En même temps, il augmente la motivation et la concentration pendant l'intervention thérapeutique, permettant l'amélioration ou le maintien de la qualité de vie des participants. La rigueur dans le plan d'intervention, la collaboration avec les centres et institutions par le travail d'équipe, et l'attention adéquate envers le chien cothérapeute sont cruciales.

L'AAT est un outil efficace pour travailler et corriger les comportements stéréotypés et est d'une grande contribution pour la stimulation multisensorielle, fournissant des réponses adaptatives contre les stimuli visuels, auditifs ou tactiles. Il favorise également une augmentation significative de la participation des participants aux séances de thérapie, en favorisant une grande variété de comportements sociaux et en améliorant la quantité et la qualité des interactions, aussi bien avec les humains qu'avec les chiens.
Nous avons vérifié que l'AAT augmente significativement le niveau de motivation dans les séances thérapeutiques, ce qui se traduit par un grand intérêt pour la participation aux activités d'apprentissage. Cela signifie également un degré élevé de concentration et d'attention à la tâche, de sorte que l'AAT puisse être considérée comme un facilitateur pour la réalisation d'objectifs thérapeutiques et pédagogiques.

Nous pensons que l'utilisation de chiens dans les interventions thérapeutiques est conseillée comme outil pour le professionnel de la santé ou l'éducateur pour atteindre les objectifs plus rapidement et aussi pour améliorer la qualité de vie et l'intégration sociale des personnes avec un dTSA. 

L'intervention avec le chien doit être rendue possible avec toutes les disciplines impliquées dans le traitement de ce groupe d'individus (psychiatrie, psychologie, orthophoniste, ergothérapeute, infirmières, etc.), où tous peuvent bénéficier de la relation homme-chien. 

. 2020 Sep-Oct 01;34(5):282-290.  doi: 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000403.

Implementation of Assisted Therapy With Dogs in the Therapeutic Approach to People With Autistic Spectrum Disorder

Isabel Morales-Moreno  ¹ , Francisca Cerezo-Chuecos, Serafín Balanza-Galindo, Magdalena Gómez-Díaz, Paloma Echevarría-Pérez

Affiliations

• PMID: 33953011
• DOI: 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000403

Abstract

A holistic intervention is needed for individuals who suffer from autism spectrum disorders. Our objective was to work with these individuals in a multidisciplinary manner through the use of animal-assisted therapy, finding improvements in the experimental group as compared with the control group in the different evaluated areas.

Copyright © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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