Association entre la puissance de l'électroencéphalographie spectrale et le risque et le diagnostic d'autisme au début du développement

Aperçu: G.M.

Le "trouble du spectre de l'autisme" (TSA) trouve son origine dans le développement atypique des réseaux cérébraux. Les nourrissons qui présentent un risque familial élevé de TSA et qui sont diagnostiqués plus tard avec un TSA présentent une activité atypique dans les mesures oscillatoires d'électroencéphalographie (EEG) multiples. Cependant, les études sur les nourrissons et les frères et sœurs sont souvent limitées par la petite taille des échantillons.
Nous avons utilisé l'International Infant EEG Data Integration Platform, un ensemble de données multi-sites avec 432 participants, dont 222 à haut risque de TSA, auprès desquels des mesures répétées d'EEG ont été collectées entre 3 et 36 mois.
Nous avons appliqué un modèle de courbe de croissance latente pour tester si le statut de risque familial prédit les trajectoires de développement de la puissance spectrale au cours des 3 premières années de la vie, et si ces trajectoires prédisent l'issue des TSA. 

Un changement de puissance spectrale EEG dans toutes les bandes de fréquences s'est produit au cours des 3 premières années de vie. Le risque familial, mais pas un diagnostic ultérieur de TSA, était associé à une puissance réduite à 3 mois et à un changement développemental plus marqué entre 3 et 36 mois dans presque toutes les bandes de puissance absolue.
Le résultat du TSA n'était pas associé à l'interception de puissance absolue ou à la pente. Aucune association n'a été trouvée entre le risque ou le résultat et le pouvoir relatif. 

Cette étude a appliqué une approche analytique non utilisée dans les études prospectives antérieures sur les biomarqueurs des TSA, qui a été modélisée pour refléter la relation temporelle entre la susceptibilité génétique, le développement du cerveau et le diagnostic des TSA.
Les trajectoires de puissance spectrale semblent être prédites par le risque familial; cependant, la puissance spectrale ne permet pas de prédire le résultat du diagnostic au-delà du statut de risque familial. Les divergences entre les résultats actuels et les études précédentes sont discutées. 

RÉSUMÉ: Les nourrissons dont un frère ou une sœur plus âgé reçoit un diagnostic de TSA courent un risque accru de développer eux-mêmes un TSA. Cet article a testé si la puissance spectrale EEG au cours de la première année de vie peut prédire si ces nourrissons ont développé ou non un TSA. 

• 2021 May 6.  doi: 10.1002/aur.2518. 

Association between spectral electroencephalography power and autism risk and diagnosis in early development

Scott Huberty  ¹ , Virginia Carter Leno  ² , Stefon J R van Noordt  ¹ , Rachael Bedford  ^{2   3} , Andrew Pickles  ² , James A Desjardins  ⁴ , Sara Jane Webb  ⁵ , BASIS Team; Mayada Elsabbagh  ¹

Affiliations

• PMID: 33955195
• DOI: 10.1002/aur.2518

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has its origins in the atypical development of brain networks. Infants who are at high familial risk for, and later diagnosed with ASD, show atypical activity in multiple electroencephalography (EEG) oscillatory measures. However, infant-sibling studies are often constrained by small sample sizes. We used the International Infant EEG Data Integration Platform, a multi-site dataset with 432 participants, including 222 at high-risk for ASD, from whom repeated measurements of EEG were collected between the ages of 3-36 months. We applied a latent growth curve model to test whether familial risk status predicts developmental trajectories of spectral power across the first 3 years of life, and whether these trajectories predict ASD outcome. Change in spectral EEG power in all frequency bands occurred during the first 3 years of life. Familial risk, but not a later diagnosis of ASD, was associated with reduced power at 3 months, and a steeper developmental change between 3 and 36 months in nearly all absolute power bands. ASD outcome was not associated with absolute power intercept or slope. No associations were found between risk or outcome and relative power. This study applied an analytic approach not used in previous prospective biomarker studies of ASD, which was modeled to reflect the temporal relationship between genetic susceptibility, brain development, and ASD diagnosis. Trajectories of spectral power appear to be predicted by familial risk; however, spectral power does not predict diagnostic outcome above and beyond familial risk status. Discrepancies between current results and previous studies are discussed. LAY SUMMARY: Infants with an older sibling who is diagnosed with ASD are at increased risk of developing ASD themselves. This article tested whether EEG spectral power in the first year of life can predict whether these infants did or did not develop ASD.

Keywords: EEG; autism spectrum disorders; infants; siblings.

© 2021 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

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Relations entre le revenu du ménage et le comportement indépendant fonctionnel des enfants autistes

 Aperçu: G.M.

Les enfants des ménages à faible revenu sont moins susceptibles de recevoir un diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme" (TSA) et le diagnostic est souvent retardé. L'absence ou le retard d'identification des TSA minimise la capacité d'un enfant à recevoir des services d'intervention précoce efficaces qui soutiennent le développement des compétences d'autonomie fonctionnelle.
La recherche n'a pas encore identifié les relations entre l'indépendance fonctionnelle et le revenu du ménage pour les enfants autistes.
Une enquête nationale transversale auprès de 231 soignants d'enfants autistes âgés de 2 à 12 ans a été menée. Les soignants ont répondu à un sondage de 90 minutes portant sur la démographie de la famille, les services d'intervention, la gravité des symptômes de l'autisme et les résultats comportementaux fonctionnels des enfants.
Des différences significatives dans les scores de comportement d'indépendance fonctionnelle ont été identifiées pour les enfants des catégories de revenu le plus élevé et le plus bas lors du contrôle de la gravité des symptômes de l'autisme, de l'âge du diagnostic et de la réception des services d'intervention. Cette étude fournit des preuves préliminaires à l'appui de l'association entre le revenu et le comportement fonctionnel indépendant des enfants autistes.

2021 May 6;15394492211012654.  doi: 10.1177/15394492211012654. 

Relationships Between Household Income and Functional Independent Behavior for Children With Autism

Brittany St John  ¹ , Karla Ausderau  ¹

Affiliations

• PMID: 33955293
• DOI: 10.1177/15394492211012654

Abstract

Children in lower income households are less likely to be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and diagnosis is often delayed. Lack of or delayed identification of ASD minimizes a child's ability to receive effective early intervention services that support development of functional independence skills. Research has yet to identify relationships between functional independence and household income for children with ASD. A cross-sectional national survey with 231 caregivers of children with autism aged 2-12 years was conducted. Caregivers completed a 90-min survey examining family demographics, intervention services, autism symptom severity, and children's functional behavioral outcomes. Significant differences in functional independence behavior scores were identified for children from the highest and lowest income categories when controlling for autism symptom severity, age of diagnosis, and receipt of intervention services. This study provides preliminary evidence to support the association between income and functional independent behavior for children with ASD.

Keywords: activities of daily living; autism; children; functional outcomes.

Relations entre les comportements restreints et répétitifs et les aptitudes sociales chez les tout-petits autistes

 Aperçu: G.M.

 Nous avons examiné les relations entre les comportements restreints et répétitifs (CRR :  insistance sur la similitude, les comportements sensori-moteurs répétitifs, l'automutilation) avec les compétences sociales en général et les aspects qui comprennent les compétences sociales telles que mesurées par le VABS-II (capacités d'adaptation, jeu / loisirs temps, relations interpersonnelles) chez les tout-petits de 24 (n = 63) et 36 mois (n = 35), à haut risque familial et diagnostiqués TSA.
Les résultats de la régression linéaire hiérarchique ont indiqué que la répétition sensori-motrice était le meilleur prédicteur des habiletés sociales en général.
Les résultats secondaires ont indiqué que les trois sous-types de CRR étaient associés à chaque sous-domaine de compétences sociales; cependant, les effets sensori-moteurs répétitifs étaient les plus forts et les plus constants parmi ces effets.
Bien que nos résultats suggèrent une relation négative générale entre les sous-types de CRR et les aspects de la fonction sociale adaptative, les comportements sensori-moteurs répétitifs peuvent être particulièrement pertinents pour le développement des compétences sociales pendant la petite enfance.

doi: 10.1007/s10803-021-05014-8. 

Relations of Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors to Social Skills in Toddlers with Autism

Pang Chaxiong  ¹ , Catherine Burrows  ¹ , Kelly N Botteron  ² , Stephen R Dager  ³ , Annette M Estes  ³ , Heather C Hazlett  ⁴ , Robert T Schultz  ⁵ , Lonnie Zwaigenbaum  ⁶ , Joseph Piven ^{#  4} , Jason Wolff ^{#  7} , IBIS Network

Collaborators, Affiliations

• PMID: 33956255
• DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05014-8

Abstract

We examined the relations of restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRB; insistence on sameness, repetitive sensory-motor, self-injurious behavior) to social skills overall and aspects that comprise social skills as measured by the VABS-II (coping skills, play/leisure time, interpersonal relationships) in 24- (n = 63) and 36-month old (n = 35), high-familial-risk toddlers with ASD. Hierarchical linear regression results indicated that repetitive sensory-motor was the best predictor of social skills overall. Secondary results indicated that all three RRB subtypes were associated with each subdomain of social skills; however, repetitive sensory-motor was the strongest and most consistent among these effects. While our results suggests a general negative relation of subtypes of RRB to aspects of adaptive social function, repetitive sensory-motor behaviors may be of particular relevance to the development of social skills during toddlerhood.

Keywords: Autism; Insistence on sameness; Repetitive sensory-motor; Restricted repetitive behavior; Self-injurious behavior; Social skills.

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Attention visuelle aux cibles repérées sur les écrans de communication augmentative simulée assistée et alternative pour les personnes avec des troubles intellectuels et de développement

 Aperçu: G.M.

Objectif
De nombreux systèmes de communication augmentative et alternative assistée (CAA) nécessitent l'utilisation d'un écran externe qui est représenté via une modalité visuelle. Il est essentiel d'évaluer et de comprendre le traitement visuel-perceptif chez les personnes handicapées qui pourraient bénéficier de la CAA. Une façon d'évaluer la façon dont les individus traitent les matériaux visuels consiste à utiliser des technologies automatisées de suivi oculaire basées sur la recherche qui obtiennent un flux de données à granularité fine concernant les orientations du regard lors de l'attention visuelle. 

Méthode
L'étude actuelle a examiné la façon dont les personnes avec un diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme" (n = 13), du syndrome de Down (n = 13), d'une déficience intellectuelle et développementale (n = 9) ou d'un développement typique (n = 20) ont répondu à une touche de navigation de la taille d'une vignette dans un affichage CCA complexe, comprenant un affichage de la scène visuelle principale (SVP) et une barre de navigation de quatre SVP de la taille d'une vignette. Les stimuli ont été présentés sur un moniteur contenant une technologie de recherche automatisée de suivi oculaire qui enregistrait des modèles d'attention visuelle. 

Résultats
Les participants de tous les groupes ont passé plus de temps à fixer une image de navigation SVP miniature cible après la présentation du signal vocal pour regarder la cible, par rapport à avant la présentation du signal vocal; ils ont également passé plus de temps à regarder le SVP miniature cible que les autres SVP de taille miniature dans la barre de navigation après le signal. 

Discussion
Les participants ont pu localiser les SVP miniatures cibles, même dans le contexte d'un affichage CAA  visuellement complexe. Les implications pour la conception des écrans CAA et pour l'évaluation de la compréhension sont discutées.

Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research Research Article5 May 2021

Visual Attention to Cued Targets in Simulated Aided Augmentative and Alternative Communication Displays for Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Krista M. Wilkinson

,

Tara O'Neill Zimmerman  and Janice Light

https://doi.org/10.1044/2021_JSLHR-20-00451

 

Abstract

Purpose

Many aided augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems require the use of an external display that is represented via a visual modality. It is critical to evaluate and understand visual–perceptual processing in individuals with disabilities who could benefit from AAC. One way to evaluate how individuals process visual materials is through research-based automated eye-tracking technologies that obtain a fine-grained stream of data concerning gaze paths of visual attention.

Method

The current study examined how individuals with autism spectrum disorder (n = 13), Down syndrome (n = 13), intellectual and developmental disabilities (n = 9), or typical development (n = 20) responded to a spoken prompt to find a thumbnail-sized navigation key within a complex AAC display, including a main visual scene display (VSD) and a navigation bar of four thumbnail-sized VSDs. Stimuli were presented on a monitor containing automated eye-tracking research technology that recorded patterns of visual attention.

Results

Participants across groups spent more time fixating on a target thumbnail VSD navigation image after the presentation of the spoken cue to look at the target, compared to before the presentation of the spoken cue; they also spent more time looking at the target thumbnail VSD than the other thumbnail-sized VSDs in the navigation bar after the cue.

Discussion

Participants were able to locate the target thumbnail VSDs, even within the context of a visually complex AAC display. Implications for the design of AAC displays and for assessment of comprehension are discussed.