Efficacité de deux méthodes d'éducation à la santé sensorielle sur l'hygiène bucco-dentaire des adolescents avec un diagnostic de "troubles du spectre de l'autisme" : une étude interventionnelle

Aperçu: G.M.

Objectif:
Cette étude a été entreprise dans le but d'évaluer l'efficacité de deux interventions sensorielles à savoir - Pédagogie visuelle et application mobile (Brush Up) sur l'éducation à la santé bucco-dentaire dans la promotion de l'état de santé bucco-dentaire chez les adolescents de 13 à 17 ans avec un diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme" (dTSA) dans la ville de Chennai. 

Méthodologie:
Une étude interventionnelle parallèle composée d'adolescents de 13 à 17 ans scolarisés avec un dTSA dans la ville de Chennai. L'indice de plaque (Sillness et Loe, 1964) et l'indice gingival (Loe et Sillness, 1963) ont été évalués au départ, après la 6e semaine et après la 12e semaine. 

Résultats:
Une différence significative dans la plaque (p = <0,001) et les scores gingivaux (p = <0,001) a été observée entre les groupes après 6 et 12 semaines après l'intervention. Il n'y avait aucune différence statistiquement significative dans la plaque dentaire (p = 0,912, 1,023, 0,812) et les scores gingivaux (p = 0,932, 0,264, 0,283) entre les groupes à tous les délais. 

Conclusion:
Dans la présente étude, nous avons constaté que les cartes visuelles et l'application mobile (Brush Up) avaient considérablement réduit la plaque dentaire et les scores gingivaux; par conséquent, les deux modalités peuvent être utilisées comme un outil efficace pour éduquer ces enfants et améliorer ainsi leur hygiène bucco-dentaire.

. 2021 May 29.  doi: 10.1111/scd.12606. 

Effectiveness of two sensory-based health education methods on oral hygiene of adolescent with autism spectrum disorders: An interventional study

Lakshmi Krishnan  ¹ , Kiran Iyer  ² , Parangimalai Divakar Madan Kumar  ³

Affiliations

• PMID: 34050975
• DOI: 10.1111/scd.12606

Abstract

Aim: This study was undertaken with an aim to evaluate the effectiveness of two sensory-based interventions namely - Visual pedagogy and Mobile based application (Brush Up) on oral health education in promoting oral health status among 13-17 year old school going adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Chennai city.

Methodology: An interventional parallel arm study consisting of 13- to 17-year-old school going adolescent with ASD in Chennai city. Plaque Index (Sillness and Loe, 1964) and gingival index (Loe and Sillness, 1963) were assessed at baseline, 6th week and after 12th week.

Results: A significant difference in plaque (p = < 0.001) and gingival scores (p = < 0.001) were seen among the groups after 6 and 12 weeks post-intervention. There was no statistically significant difference in dental plaque (p = 0.912, 1.023, 0.812) and gingival scores (p = 0.932, 0.264, 0.283) between the groups at all the timelines.

Conclusion: In this present study we found that both the visual cards and mobile based application (Brush Up) had significantly reduced the dental plaque and gingival scores; hence both the modalities can be used as an effective tool in educating these children and thus improve their oral hygiene.

Keywords: autism spectrum disorder; mobile applications; oral health; visual aid.

© 2021 Special Care Dentistry Association and Wiley Periodicals LLC.

References

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Une dialectique de contrôle et d'acceptation: les repas avec des enfants autistes

Aperçu: G.M.

Les repas en famille partagés ont des implications importantes pour la santé et le bien-être des enfants, cependant, les heures de repas avec des enfants autistes sont souvent caractérisées par du stress et des comportements problématiques.
Une meilleure compréhension des processus sous-jacents peut élucider le défi des repas auxquels font face les familles avec enfants autistes ainsi que la façon dont les familles surmontent ces défis afin de promouvoir la santé et le bien-être de la famille.
Grâce à une analyse théorique fondée des observations sur les repas, des entretiens avec des parents et des entretiens avec des enfants avec 16 familles aux États-Unis, nous avons identifié une théorie de A Dialectic of Control and Acceptance. 

Les parents doivent exprimer leur amour par le contrôle et l'acceptation, mais ces processus parallèles sont en tension les uns avec les autres. La façon dont les parents négocient cette tension détermine dans quelle mesure leurs attentes sont bien alignées sur les forces et les défis de leurs enfants et sont en mesure de fournir un soutien efficace.

. 2021 May 26;105327.  doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105327. 

A dialectic of control and acceptance: Mealtimes with children on the autism spectrum

S L Curtiss  ¹ , A T Ebata  ²

Affiliations

• PMID: 34051277
• DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105327

Abstract

Shared family meals have important implications for child health and wellbeing, however, mealtimes with children on the autism spectrum are often characterized by stress and problematic behavior. A better understanding of the underlying processes can elucidate the mealtimes challenges that families with children on the spectrum face as well as how families overcome those challenges in order to promote family health and wellbeing. Through a grounded theory analysis of mealtime observations, parent interviews, and child interviews with 16 families in the United States, we identified a theory of A Dialectic of Control and Acceptance. Integral to the role of mealtimes is for parents to express love through control and acceptance, however, these parallel processes are in tension with one another. How parents negotiate this tension dictates the degree to which their expectations are well aligned with their children's strengths and challenges and are able to provide effective support.

Keywords: Autism; Family meals; Family processes; Family rituals; Grounded theory.

Évaluation par les parents des effets généralisés et indirects de la formation en communication fonctionnelle pour les enfants avec un diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme"

Aperçu: G.M.

L'entraînement à la communication fonctionnelle (ECT) est un traitement comportemental qui réduit les problèmes de comportement et augmente la communication appropriée chez les jeunes enfants avec un diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme (dTSA). 

Dans cette étude, nous avons évalué les effets de l'ECT sur les comportements problématiques ciblés et non ciblés en dehors du contexte de formation, ainsi que le stress des parents, pour 30 jeunes enfants avec un dTSA et leurs parents. Des mesures indirectes des effets du traitement de généralisation ont été administrées avant et après le traitement ECT administré par télésanté. 

Les enfants ont démontré une amélioration significative des comportements problématiques ciblés (mesurés par observation) et non ciblés (mesurés via une liste de contrôle), à ​​la fois à l'intérieur et à l'extérieur du contexte de formation, et le stress des parents a été considérablement réduit après le traitement. 

Ces résultats suggèrent que l'impact de l'ECT peut s'étendre au-delà du contexte de la formation tant pour les enfants traités que pour les parents délivrant le traitement, même lorsque la généralisation n'est pas spécifiquement programmée pendant le traitement.

. 2021 May 27;1454455211018815.  doi: 10.1177/01454455211018815. 

Parent Ratings of Generalized and Indirect Effects of Functional Communication Training for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Matthew J O'Brien  ^{1   2} , Kelly E Pelzel  ^{1   2} , Nicole M Hendrix  ^{3   4} , Kelly M Schieltz  ^{1   2} , Kenzie Miller  ^{1   2} , Nathan A Call  ^{3   4} , Loukia Tsami  ⁵ , Dorothea C Lerman  ⁵ , Wendy K Berg  ^{1   2} , Todd G Kopelman  ^{1   2} , David P Wacker  ^{1   2} , Scott D Lindgren  ^{1   2}

Affiliations

• PMID: 34041956
• DOI: 10.1177/01454455211018815

Abstract

Functional communication training (FCT) is a behavioral treatment that has been shown to reduce problem behavior and increase appropriate communication in young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, we assessed the effects of FCT on targeted and nontargeted problem behaviors outside of the training context, as well as parent stress, for 30 young children with ASD and their parents. Indirect measures of generalization treatment effects were administered prior to and following FCT treatment delivered via telehealth. Children demonstrated significant improvement on both targeted (measured via observation) and nontargeted (measured via checklist) problem behaviors, both within and outside of the training context, and parent stress was significantly reduced following treatment. These results suggest that the impact of FCT may extend beyond the training context for both the children being treated and the parents delivering treatment, even when generalization is not specifically programmed for during treatment.

Keywords: autism spectrum disorder; functional communication training; generalization; problem behavior; telehealth.

 

Utilisation de cannabis et de cannabinoïdes dans les "troubles du spectre de l'autisme" : une revue systématique

Aperçu: G.M.

Introduction:
Le trouble du spectre de l'autisme (TSA) est un trouble neurodéveloppemental caractérisé par des déficits persistants de la communication sociale et des interactions sociales, associés à la présence de modèles de comportement, d'intérêts ou d'activités restreints et répétitifs. Le cannabis a été utilisé pour soulager les symptômes associés aux TSA. 

Méthode:
Nous avons effectué une revue systématique des études portant sur les effets cliniques de l'usage du cannabis et des cannabinoïdes sur les TSA, selon les éléments de rapport préférés pour les revues systématiques et les méta-analyses (liste de contrôle PRISMA). La recherche a été effectuée dans quatre bases de données: MEDLINE / PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Scopus et Web of Science. Aucune limite n'a été établie pour la langue lors du processus de sélection. Neuf études ont été sélectionnées et analysées. 

Résultats:
Certaines études ont montré que les produits à base de cannabis réduisaient le nombre et / ou l'intensité des différents symptômes, y compris l'hyperactivité, les attaques d'automutilation et de colère, les problèmes de sommeil, l'anxiété, l'agitation, l'agitation psychomotrice, l'irritabilité, l'agressivité, la persévérance et la dépression. De plus, ils ont constaté une amélioration de la cognition, de la sensibilité sensorielle, de l'attention, de l'interaction sociale et du langage. Les effets indésirables les plus courants étaient les troubles du sommeil, l'agitation, la nervosité et les changements d'appétit. 

Conclusion:
Le cannabis et les cannabinoïdes peuvent avoir des effets prometteurs dans le traitement des symptômes liés aux TSA et peuvent être utilisés comme alternative thérapeutique pour soulager ces symptômes. Cependant, des essais cliniques randomisés, à l'aveugle et contrôlés par placebo sont nécessaires pour clarifier les résultats sur les effets du cannabis et de ses cannabinoïdes chez les personnes avec un diagnostic de TSA.

. 2021 May 21.  doi: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0149. 

Cannabis and cannabinoid use in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review

Estácio Amaro da Silva Junior  ¹ , Wandersonia Moreira Brito Medeiros  ¹ , Nelson Torro  ¹ , João Marçal Medeiros de Sousa  ² , Igor Bronzeado Cahino Moura de Almeida  ² , Filipe Barbosa da Costa  ² , Katiúscia Moreira Pontes  ² , Eliane Lima Guerra Nunes  ³ , Marine Diniz da Rosa  ⁴ , Katy Lísias Gondim Dias de Albuquerque  ⁵

Affiliations

• PMID: 34043900
• DOI: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0149

Abstract

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction, associated with the presence of restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. Cannabis has been used to alleviate symptoms associated with ASD.

Method: We carried out a systematic review of studies that investigated the clinical effects of cannabis and cannabinoid use on ASD, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA checklist). The search was carried out in four databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Scopus, and Web of Science. No limits were established for language during the selection process. Nine studies were selected and analyzed.

Results: Some studies showed that cannabis products reduced the number and/or intensity of different symptoms, including hyperactivity, attacks of self-mutilation and anger, sleep problems, anxiety, restlessness, psychomotor agitation, irritability, aggressiveness perseverance, and depression. Moreover, they found an improvement in cognition, sensory sensitivity, attention, social interaction, and language. The most common adverse effects were sleep disorders, restlessness, nervousness and change in appetite.

Conclusion: Cannabis and cannabinoids may have promising effects in the treatment of symptoms related to ASD, and can be used as a therapeutic alternative in the relief of those symptoms. However, randomized, blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials are necessary to clarify findings on the effects of cannabis and its cannabinoids in individuals with ASD.

Systematic review registration: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), code 164161.

Keywords: Cannabis; autism; cannabidiol; cannabinoid; systematic review.

Perception de l'action prédictive à partir d'informations d'intention explicites dans l'autisme

Aperçu: G.M.

Les difficultés sociales dans les "troubles du spectre de l'autisme" (TSA) peuvent provenir d'une modulation descendante réduite des informations sensorielles qui empêche l'attribution spontanée d'intentions au comportement observé.
Cependant, bien que les personnes autistes soient capables de raisonner explicitement sur les états mentaux des autres, l'effet des informations d'intention abstraite sur les processus perceptifs n'a pas été testé.
Les participants TSA (n = 23) et un groupe témoin neurotypique (NT) (n = 23) ont observé une main soit en train d'atteindre un objet, soit de s'en retirer. Avant le début de l'action, le participant a soit demandé à l'acteur de "Prendre" ou "Laissez-le", ou a entendu l'acteur dire "Je vais le prendre" ou "Je vais le laisser", ce qui a fourni une intention explicite qui était tout aussi susceptible d'être congruente ou incohérente avec l'action ultérieure. La main a disparu avant la fin de l'action, et les participants ont signalé la dernière position vue du bout de l'index en touchant l'écran.
Les participants NT ont montré un biais prédictif en réponse à la direction de l'action (atteint perçu plus près de l'objet, retraits perçus plus loin), et en réponse à la connaissance préalable des intentions de l'acteur (plus près de l'objet après "Take it", plus loin après "Leave it ").
Cependant, les participants TSA ont présenté un biais de perception prédictif uniquement en réponse aux intentions explicites, mais pas en réponse au mouvement de l'action elle-même.
La perception des TSA n'est pas à l'abri de la modulation descendante. Cependant, les informations doivent être présentées explicitement indépendamment du stimulus lui-même, et non pas déduites d'indices inhérents au stimulus. 

. 2021 May 23. doi: 10.3758/s13423-021-01941-w. 

Predictive action perception from explicit intention information in autism

Matthew Hudson  ^{1   2} , Toby Nicholson  ³ , Anna Kharko  ³ , Rebecca McKenzie  ³ , Patric Bach  ^{3   4}

Affiliations

• PMID: 34027620
• DOI: 10.3758/s13423-021-01941-w

Abstract

Social difficulties in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may originate from a reduced top-down modulation of sensory information that prevents the spontaneous attribution of intentions to observed behaviour. However, although people with autism are able to explicitly reason about others' mental states, the effect of abstract intention information on perceptual processes has remained untested. ASD participants (n = 23) and a neurotypical (NT) control group (n = 23) observed a hand either reaching for an object or withdrawing from it. Prior to action onset, the participant either instructed the actor to "Take it" or "Leave it", or heard the actor state "I'll take it" or "I'll leave it", which provided an explicit intention that was equally likely to be congruent or incongruent with the subsequent action. The hand disappeared before completion of the action, and participants reported the last seen position of the tip of the index finger by touching the screen. NT participants exhibited a predictive bias in response to action direction (reaches perceived nearer the object, withdrawals perceived farther away), and in response to prior knowledge of the actor's intentions (nearer the object after "Take it", farther away after "Leave it"). However, ASD participants exhibited a predictive perceptual bias only in response to the explicit intentions, but not in response to the motion of the action itself. Perception in ASD is not immune from top-down modulation. However, the information must be explicitly presented independently from the stimulus itself, and not inferred from cues inherent in the stimulus.

Keywords: Action prediction; Autism spectrum disorder; Implicit/explicit mentalizing; Predictive coding; Representational momentum.

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