Évaluation d'un programme de formation des parents par télésanté au Japon : collaboration avec des parents pour enseigner de nouvelles compétences de demande aux enfants diagnostiqués avec un trouble du spectre de l'autisme

Aperçu: G.M.

Cette étude a développé un programme de formation des parents en télésanté pour enseigner aux parents d'enfants avec un diagnostic de troubles du spectre de l'autisme (dTDA) le processus de mise en œuvre de la formation mand au Japon et pour favoriser la diffusion internationale de stratégies de formation fondées sur des preuves.
Les sessions de formation des parents étaient basées sur un modèle de formation aux compétences comportementales (BST), combiné à des commentaires graphiques et vidéo hebdomadaires. Les séances ont été menées par un analyste-doctorant en comportement certifié résidant au Japon.
Quatre parents d'enfants avec un dTDA ont participé à cette étude. 

Les résultats confirment provisoirement l'efficacité et la validité sociale du programme.
Cette étude prolonge les recherches antérieures sur la formation des parents menées au Japon en comprenant toutes les caractéristiques suivantes :

1. conception de programmes en ligne ;
2. la formation des mandants ;
3. Modèle BST ;
4. des données session par session sur les changements de comportement des enfants et l'intégrité procédurale ;
5. conception expérimentale intra-sujet; et
6. évaluation de la validité sociale.

. 2022 Oct 24;1-12.

doi: 10.1007/s40617-022-007

Evaluation of a Telehealth Parent-Training Program in Japan: Collaboration with Parents to Teach Novel Mand Skills to Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Kohei Togashi  ^{1   2} , Yasuyo Minagawa  ³ , Masahiro Hata  ¹ , Junichi Yamamoto  ³

Affiliations

• PMID: 36313232
• PMCID: PMC9591318
• DOI: 10.1007/s40617-022-00752-2

Abstract

This study developed a telehealth parent-training program to teach parents of children with autism spectrum disorder the process of mand-training implementation in Japan, and to further the international dissemination of evidence-based training strategies. Parent-training sessions were based on a behavioral skills training (BST) model, combined with weekly graphic and video feedback. The sessions were conducted by a board-certified behavior analyst-doctoral residing in Japan. Four parents with children with autism spectrum disorder participated in this study. The results preliminarily support the effectiveness and social validity of the program. This study extends previous parent-training research conducted in Japan by comprising all of the following features: (1) online program design; (2) mand training; (3) BST model; (4) session-by-session data on children's behavioral changes and procedural integrity; (5) within-subject experimental design; and (6) social validity evaluation.

Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder; Behavioral skills training; International dissemination; Mand training; Parent training; Telehealth.

Stimulation du nerf vague comme traitement de la peur et de l'anxiété chez les personnes avec un diagnostic de troubles du spectre de l'autisme

Aperçu: G.M.

Les troubles anxieux touchent un grand pourcentage de personnes avec un diagnostic de trouble du spectre de l'autisme (dTSA). Chez les enfants avec un dTSA, une anxiété excessive est également liée à des problèmes gastro-intestinaux, à des comportements d'automutilation et à des symptômes dépressifs. Les thérapies cognitivo-comportementales basées sur l'exposition sont des traitements efficaces pour les troubles anxieux chez les enfants avec un dTSA, mais des taux de rechute élevés indiquent la nécessité de stratégies de traitement supplémentaires. 

Cette perspective discute des preuves issues de la recherche préclinique, qui indiquent que la stimulation du nerf vague (SNV) associée à l'exposition à des stimuli et à des situations provoquant la peur pourrait offrir des avantages en tant que traitement adjuvant des troubles anxieux qui coexistent avec les TSA. 

La stimulation du nerf vague est approuvée pour une utilisation dans le traitement de l'épilepsie, de la dépression et, plus récemment, comme adjuvant dans l'entraînement de réadaptation après un AVC. 

Dans les modèles précliniques, la SNV semble prometteuse pour améliorer simultanément la consolidation des souvenirs d'extinction et réduire l'anxiété. Dans cette revue, nous présenterons les mécanismes potentiels par lesquels la SNV pourrait traiter la peur et l'anxiété dans les TSA. 

Nous discutons également des utilisations potentielles de la SNV pour traiter la dépression et l'épilepsie dans le contexte des TSA, et des méthodes non invasives pour stimuler le nerf vague.

 

Cliquer ICI pour accéder à l'intégralité de l'article en anglais

. 2022;7(4):e220007.

doi: 10.20900/jpbs.20220007. Epub 2022 Sep 23.

Vagus Nerve Stimulation as a Treatment for Fear and Anxiety in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Tanushree Shivaswamy  ¹ , Rimenez R Souza  ¹ , Crystal T Engineer  ¹ , Christa K McIntyre  ¹

Affiliations

• PMID: 36303861
• PMCID: PMC9600938
• DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20220007

Abstract

Anxiety disorders affect a large percentage of individuals who have an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In children with ASD, excessive anxiety is also linked to gastrointestinal problems, self-injurious behaviors, and depressive symptoms. Exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapies are effective treatments for anxiety disorders in children with ASD, but high relapse rates indicate the need for additional treatment strategies. This perspective discusses evidence from preclinical research, which indicates that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) paired with exposure to fear-provoking stimuli and situations could offer benefits as an adjuvant treatment for anxiety disorders that coexist with ASD. Vagus nerve stimulation is approved for use in the treatment of epilepsy, depression, and more recently as an adjuvant in rehabilitative training following stroke. In preclinical models, VNS shows promise in simultaneously enhancing consolidation of extinction memories and reducing anxiety. In this review, we will present potential mechanisms by which VNS could treat fear and anxiety in ASD. We also discuss potential uses of VNS to treat depression and epilepsy in the context of ASD, and noninvasive methods to stimulate the vagus nerve.

Keywords: behavioral therapy; exposure therapy; neurodevelopmental disorders; neuromodulation; rehabilitation.

Conflict of interest statement

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST CT Engineer is married to an employee of MicroTransponder, Inc. CK McIntyre is an author of a patent entitled “Methods for Enhancing Exposure Therapy using Vagus Nerve Stimulation”.

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RENFORCEMENT MUSCULAIRE : 1 heure par semaine suffit à réduire de 20 % le risque de décès

Résumé :

Les exercices de renforcement musculaire doivent faire partie d’un programme d’exercice complet, bénéfique à la santé, ainsi, cette forme d'exercice ne doit pas être oubliée. 

C’est le rappel de cette méta-analyse des preuves disponibles dans la littérature, publiée dans le British Journal of Sports Medicine : 30 à 60 minutes d'activité de renforcement musculaire hebdomadaire s’avèrent liées à un risque de décès inférieur de 10 à 20 %, toutes causes confondues. 

Le principe donc, pour de meilleurs bénéfices : combiner les exercices de force à l'activité aérobie.

 

Extrait :

L'étude impliquant près de 4.000 participants, âgés de 18 à 97 ans, montre que :

• les exercices de renforcement musculaire sont associés à une réduction du risque de décès de 10 à 17 % ;
• à un risque également réduit de décès par maladie cardiaque et accident vasculaire cérébral, cancer, diabète et cancer du poumon ;
• aucune association n’est identifiée entre le renforcement musculaire et un risque réduit de types spécifiques de cancer, notamment ceux de l'intestin, des reins, de la vessie ou du pancréas ;
• l’association est en courbe en forme de J avec une réduction maximale du risque de 10 à 20 % avec environ 30 à 60 minutes/semaine d'activités de renforcement musculaire pour les décès toutes causes confondues, les maladies cardiovasculaires et tous les cancers ;
• l’association est en forme de L cependant pour le diabète, avec une réduction importante du risque jusqu'à 60 minutes/semaine d'activités de renforcement musculaire, après quoi la diminution du bénéfice est progressive ;
• la réduction du risque de décès toutes causes confondues, de maladies cardiovasculaires et de cancer est encore plus élevée lorsque les 2 types d'activités, renforcement musculaire et aérobie, sont combinées.

 

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