Aperçu: G.M.
On
a montré que le "trouble du spectre de l'autisme" (TSA), le trouble
déficitaire de l'attention avec hyperactivité (TDAH) et d'autres
troubles neurodéveloppementaux (TND) associés augmentaient le risque
d'agression sexuelle dans certaines études antérieures. Cependant, aucune étude n'a examiné si l'association est dirigée par
un phénotype TND général contre des diagnostics spécifiques, ni
l'étiologie de l'association.
L'étude montre que chez
les femmes, le TSA était associé à un risque accru presque multiplié
par trois de victimisation sexuelle coercitive, et le THADA à un risque
doublé.
Chez les hommes, le risque associé aux TSA et au TDAH était de la même ampleur mais non significatif. Lorsqu'on
tient compte de la charge globale de symptômes du TND, le TSA ou le
TDAH, il n'y a plus de victimisation sexuelle coercitive prédite de
façon unique. L'association entre le facteur général TND et la victimisation sexuelle coercitive était due à la génétique partagée.La
charge générale de symptômes du TND, plutôt que les symptômes
spécifiques de TSA ou de TDAH, semble être un facteur de vulnérabilité
modéré pour la victimisation sexuelle coercitive.
L'équipe suppose qu'une corrélation gène-environnement évocatrice
pourrait expliquer cette observation, de sorte que les agresseurs
sexuels ciblent activement les individus TND.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2018 Mar 23. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12884.
Childhood neurodevelopmental disorders and risk of coercive sexual victimization in childhood and adolescence - a population-based prospective twin study
Ohlsson Gotby V1, Lichtenstein P1, Långström N1,2, Pettersson E1.
Author information
- 1
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- 2
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and other related neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) have, in some previous studies, been shown to increase the risk of being sexually victimized. However, no studies have examined whether the association is driven by a general NDD phenotype versus specific diagnoses, nor the etiology of the association.METHOD:
Using a genetically informative, prospective design, we examined the association between ASD and ADHD in childhood and coercive sexual victimization up to age 18. A total of 4,500 children participating in the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS) were rated by their parents on NDDs at age 9 or 12 years, and self-reported at age 18 on lifetime experiences of coercive sexual touching and/or coercive sex. First, we regressed sexual victimization on the NDDs. Second, we regressed sexual victimization on general and specific NDD symptoms identified via a bifactor model. Third, we decomposed the observed associations into genetic and environmental parts.RESULTS:
In females, ASD was associated with an almost threefolded increased risk of coercive sexual victimization, and ADHD with a doubled risk. In males, the risk associated with ASD and ADHD was of the same magnitude but not significant. When controlling for overall NDD symptom load ASD or ADHD, no longer uniquely predicted coercive sexual victimization. The association between the NDD general factor and coercive sexual victimization was due to shared genetics.CONCLUSIONS:
General NDD symptom load, rather than specific ASD or ADHD symptoms, seems to be a moderate vulnerability factor for coercive sexual victimization. We speculate that an evocative gene-environment correlation might account for this observation, such that sexual perpetrators actively target NDD individuals.
© 2018 Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health.
- PMID:29570782
- DOI:10.1111/jcpp.12884
Aucun commentaire:
Enregistrer un commentaire