Augmentation des taux métaboliques de la substance blanche dans les troubles du spectre de l'autisme et la schizophrénie

Aperçu: G.M.

Les troubles du spectre autistique et la schizophrénie sont associés à une activité métabolique accrue dans l'ensemble de la substance blanche. Contrairement à la substance grise, le vecteur des anomalies métaboliques de la substance blanche semble être similaire dans les TSA et la schizophrénie, peut refléter une connectivité fonctionnelle inefficace avec un hypermétabolisme compensatoire, et peut être une caractéristique commune des troubles neurodéveloppementaux.

Brain Imaging Behav. 2017 Nov 22. doi: 10.1007/s11682-017-9785-9.

Increased white matter metabolic rates in autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia

Mitelman SA^1,2, Buchsbaum MS³, Young DS⁴, Haznedar MM^5,6, Hollander E⁷, Shihabuddin L⁵, Hazlett EA^5,8, Bralet MC^9,10,11.

Author information

1

Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. serge.mitelman@mssm.edu

2

Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Elmhurst Hospital Center, 79-01 Broadway, Elmhurst, NY, 11373, USA. serge.mitelman@mssm.edu.

3

Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, San Diego School of Medicine, NeuroPET Center, University of California, 11388 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite #100, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.

4

Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, 725 Rose Street, 323 Multidisciplinary Science Building, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.

5

Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.

6

Outpatient Psychiatry Care Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA.

7

Autism and Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Program, Anxiety and Depression Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA.

8

Research and Development and VISN 2 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA.

9

Crisalid Unit (FJ5), CHI Clermont de l'Oise, 2 rue des Finets, 60607, Clermont, France.

10

Inserm Unit U669, Maison de Solenn, Universities Paris 5-11, 75014, Paris, France.

11

GDR 3557 Recherche Psychiatrie, Paris, France.

Abstract

Both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and schizophrenia are often characterized as disorders of white matter integrity. Multimodal investigations have reported elevated metabolic rates, cerebral perfusion and basal activity in various white matter regions in schizophrenia, but none of these functions has previously been studied in ASD. We used ¹⁸fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography to compare white matter metabolic rates in subjects with ASD (n = 25) to those with schizophrenia (n = 41) and healthy controls (n = 55) across a wide range of stereotaxically placed regions-of-interest. Both subjects with ASD and schizophrenia showed increased metabolic rates across the white matter regions assessed, including internal capsule, corpus callosum, and white matter in the frontal and temporal lobes. These increases were more pronounced, more widespread and more asymmetrical in subjects with ASD than in those with schizophrenia. The highest metabolic increases in both disorders were seen in the prefrontal white matter and anterior limb of the internal capsule. Compared to normal controls, differences in gray matter metabolism were less prominent and differences in adjacent white matter metabolism were more prominent in subjects with ASD than in those with schizophrenia. Autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia are associated with heightened metabolic activity throughout the white matter. Unlike in the gray matter, the vector of white matter metabolic abnormalities appears to be similar in ASD and schizophrenia, may reflect inefficient functional connectivity with compensatory hypermetabolism, and may be a common feature of neurodevelopmental disorders.

PMID:29168086

DOI:10.1007/s11682-017-9785-9