Répétition intacte des mots inexistants mot et schémas d'erreurs similaires chez des enfants appariés au langage et ayant un diagnostic de troubles du spectre de l'autisme: une étude pilote

Aperçu: G.M.

L'étude visait à vérifier si l'amélioration de la mémoire auditive à court terme peut contribuer à l'apprentissage de nouvelles formes de mots chez les enfants avec un diagnostic de trouble du spectre de l'autisme. Elle a également permis d'évaluer si des processus cognitifs et cognitifs retardés, mais qualitativement normaux, sous-tendent la répétition des mots inexistants dans cette population grâce à une analyse détaillée des erreurs. 

L'étude portait sur des enfants anglophones avec (qui ont connu un retard significatif dans le langage)et sans diagnostic de TSA appariés par paire sur la capacité linguistique dont les résultats à la tâche de répétition de syllabeont été comparés.

Tous les enfants ont présenté une meilleure performance sur les stimuli d'une longueur de syllabe plus courte et plus longue. En outre, il y avait une interaction significative dans laquelle les enfants avec un diagnostic de TSA se comportaient mieux que les enfants qui développaient sans TSA sur la longueur des syllabes. La précision de la répétition a été significativement corrélée avec le niveau de langue dans les deux groupes. En revanche, la relation entre la précision de la répétition et l'âge n'a été que légèrement significative dans le groupe du trouble du spectre de l'autisme et n'a pas eu d'importance dans le groupe qui se développe sans TSA.

Ces résultats élargissent la preuve de la répétition non verbale différée, mais qualitativement antérieure, décrite précédemment chez les préadolescents avec un diagnostic de TSA(Williams et al., 2013) et des retards linguistiques indiquant que la répétition des mots inexistants n'est pas une zone de difficulté spécifique pour cette population.

J Commun Disord. 2017 Mar 18;66:13-21. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2017.03.003.

Intact non-word repetition and similar error patterns in language-matched children with autism spectrum disorders: A pilot study

Nadig A¹, Mulligan A².

Author information

1

McGill University School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, 2001 Avenue McGill College Suite 800, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1G1, Canada; Centre for Research on Brain, Language & Music, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Electronic address: aparna.nadig@mcgill.ca

2

McGill University School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, 2001 Avenue McGill College Suite 800, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1G1, Canada.

Abstract

PURPOSE:

We investigated whether enhanced auditory short-term memory may contribute to the learning of novel word forms in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. We also evaluated whether delayed but qualitatively normal, versus atypical, cognitive processes underlie non-word repetition in this population via a detailed error analysis.

METHOD:

English-speaking children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (who had significant language delay) and typically-developing children matched pairwise on language ability were compared on the Syllable Repetition Task (Shriberg et al., 2009).

RESULTS:

All children exhibited better performance on stimuli of shorter vs. longer syllable length. In addition there was a significant interaction whereby children with Autism Spectrum Disorder performed better than typically-developing children at the longest syllable length. Repetition accuracy was significantly correlated with language level in both groups. In contrast, the relationship between Repetition accuracy and age was only marginally significant in the Autism Spectrum Disorder group and did not reach significance in the typically-developing group. This underscores the importance of language level to non-word repetition performance, and supports the practice of matching on language rather than age alone. An error analysis (Shriberg et al., 2012) showed many similarities between groups in terms of number of consonants deleted, encoding accuracy, and transcoding accuracy components of the task. However the Autism Spectrum Disorder group tended to display better auditory short-term memory with a medium effect size, though this did not reach significance given the small sample size.

CONCLUSION:

These findings extend evidence of delayed but qualitatively normal non-word repetition previously described in preadolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder (Williams et al., 2013) to younger kindergarten-age children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and language delay, indicating that non-word repetition is not an area of specific difficulty for this population. With respect to enhanced auditory short-term memory, we found preliminary evidence of better memory for longer nonwords in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder compared to younger typically developing children who were matched on language.

Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

PMID: 28349875

DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2017.03.003

Trajectoires développementales des jeunes enfants avec une variation du nombre de copies 16p11.2

Aperçu: G.M.

La variation du nombre de copies à 16p11.2 est associée à des phénotypes divers, mais on sait peu de choses sur les trajectoires de développement précoces et l'apparition du phénotype.  

Les résultats fournissent des prédictions pour les trajectoires de développement de la personne, un aperçu du fonctionnement moyen des personnes avec une variation du nombre de copie 16p11.2 à un âge précoce et soulignent la nécessité d'une surveillance continue du fonctionnement social et moteur et de la symptomatologie comportementale pour améliorer la planification du traitement.

Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2017 Mar 27. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32525.

Developmental trajectories for young children with 16p11.2 copy number variation

Bernier R¹, Hudac CM¹, Chen Q², Zeng C², Wallace AS¹, Gerdts J¹, Earl R¹, Peterson J¹, Wolken A¹, Peters A¹, Hanson E^3,4, Goin-Kochel RP⁵, Kanne S⁶, Snyder LG⁷, Chung WK⁸; Simons VIP consortium.

Author information

1

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.

2

Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York.

3

Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

4

Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

5

Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.

6

Thompson Autism Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.

7

Simons Foundation, New York, New York.

8

Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York.

Abstract

Copy number variation at 16p11.2 is associated with diverse phenotypes but little is known about the early developmental trajectories and emergence of the phenotype. This longitudinal study followed 56 children with the 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 deletion or duplication between the ages of 6 months and 8 years with diagnostic characterization and dimensional assessment across cognitive, adaptive, and behavioral domains. Linear mixed modeling revealed distinct developmental trajectories with deletions showing VIQ gains but declines in motor and social abilities while duplications showed VIQ gains and steady development across other domains. Nonparametric analyses suggest distinct trajectories and early cognitive abilities for deletion carriers who are ultimately diagnosed with intellectual disability and developmental coordination disorder as well as distinct trajectories and early social communication and cognitive abilities for duplication carriers diagnosed with ASD and intellectual disability. Findings provide predictions for patient developmental trajectories, insight into mean functioning of individuals with 16p11.2 at early ages, and highlight the need for ongoing monitoring of social and motor functioning and behavioral symptomatology to improve treatment planning. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

PMID: 28349640

DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32525

Propriétés psychométriques du quotient du spectre de l'autisme pour évaluer les niveaux faibles et élevés des traits autistiques chez les étudiants du collège

Aperçu: G.M.

 L'étude actuelle a systématiquement étudié les effets des méthodes de notation et de catégorisation sur les propriétés psychométriques du Quotient du spectre autistique. Quatre cent trois étudiants ont complété le quotient du spectre autistique au moins une fois. Les scores totaux sur le quotient du spectre autistique ont une compatibilité interne acceptable et une fiabilité test-retest en utilisant une méthode de notation binaire ou Likert, mais les résultats ont été plus variés pour les sous-échelles.

Dans l'ensemble, le score Likert a donné une plus grande cohérence interne et une fiabilité test-retest que la notation binaire. Cependant, l'accord sur la catégorisation des traits autistiques faible/élevé était médiocre dans le temps. Les résultats concluent à l'utilisation de Likert et l'administration du Quotient du spectre autistique en même temps que la tâche d'intérêt avec les participants neurotypiques

J Autism Dev Disord. 2017 Mar 27. doi: 10.1007/s10803-017-3109-1.

Psychometric Properties of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient for Assessing Low and High Levels of Autistic Traits in College Students

Stevenson JL¹, Hart KR².

Author information

1

Department of Psychology, Ursinus College, 601 East Main Street, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA. jstevenson@ursinus.edu

2

Department of Mathematics and Computer, The Hotchkiss School, Lakeville, CT, USA.

Abstract

The current study systematically investigated the effects of scoring and categorization methods on the psychometric properties of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient. Four hundred and three college students completed the Autism-Spectrum Quotient at least once. Total scores on the Autism-Spectrum Quotient had acceptable internal consistency and test-retest reliability using a binary or Likert scoring method, but the results were more varied for the subscales. Overall, Likert scoring yielded higher internal consistency and test-retest reliability than binary scoring. However, agreement in categorization of low and high autistic traits was poor over time (except for a median split on Likert scores). The results support using Likert scoring and administering the Autism-Spectrum Quotient at the same time as the task of interest with neurotypical participants.

PMID: 28349365

DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3109-1

Lettres hiérarchiques dans le TSA: grande variabilité de stimulation sous différents modes d'attention

Aperçu: G..M.
Les études utilisant des modèles hiérarchiques pour tester la priorité globale et les interférences local-globales chez les personnes avec un diagnostic de TSA ont produit des résultats mitigés.
L'étude actuelle a porté sur la variabilité du stimulus et l'incertitude de localisation, tout en utilisant différents modes d'attention.  
Les résultats ont révélé des interférences globales-locales et locales à globales dans les TSA, dans la même mesure que dans le groupe TD.Les deux groupes ont été confrontés au même type de stimuli  et ont performé de manière similaire dans les trois tâches.  

J Autism Dev Disord. 2017 Mar 27. doi: 10.1007/s10803-017-3108-2.

Hierarchical Letters in ASD: High Stimulus Variability Under Different Attentional Modes

Van der Hallen R^1,2,3, Vanmarcke S^4,5, Noens I^5,6, Wagemans J^4,5.

Author information

1

Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. ruth.vanderhallen@kuleuven.be

2

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, UPC-KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. ruth.vanderhallen@kuleuven.be.

3

Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium. ruth.vanderhallen@kuleuven.be.

4

Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Brain and Cognition, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.

5

Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.

6

Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.

Abstract

Studies using hierarchical patterns to test global precedence and local-global interference in individuals with ASD have produced mixed results. The current study focused on stimulus variability and locational uncertainty, while using different attentional modes. Two groups of 44 children with and without ASD completed a divided attention task as well as a global and local selective attention task. The results revealed global-to-local and local-to-global interference in ASD, to the same extent as in the TD group. Both groups struggled with the same type of stimuli (i.e., ignoring the global level information) and performed similar in all three tasks. Future studies on (visual) information processing in ASD should pursue the impact of stimulus noise and trial-by-trial uncertainty further.

PMID: 28349364

DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3108-2

Les canaux BK médient l'habituation sous jacente de la plasticité synaptique chez les rats

Aperçu: G.M.

L'accoutumance à court terme est la forme la plus fondamentale de l'apprentissage implicite. L'habituation représente également un filtre pour l'inondation de l'information sensorielle, perturbée par l'autisme, la schizophrénie et d'autres troubles psychiatriques.

Des études antérieures montrent que les canaaux BK peuvent jouer un rôle essentiel dans l'habituation. L'étude montre que l'activation du canal BK et la phosphorylation subséquente de ces canaux sont essentielles pour la dépression synaptique et que la modulation positive des canaux BK in vivo peut améliorer l'habituation à court terme. Ce mécanisme peut être ciblé pour améliorer l'habituation à court terme et donc pour améliorer potentiellement les déficits de filtrage sensoriel associés aux troubles psychiatriques.

 

J Neurosci. 2017 Mar 27. pii: 3699-16. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3699-16.2017.

BK Channels Mediate Synaptic Plasticity Underlying Habituation in Rats

Zaman T¹, De Oliveira C¹, Smoka M¹, Narla C², Poulter MO², Schmid S³.

Author information

1

Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1 Canada.

2

Physiology and Pharmacology, and Molecular Medicine Research Group, Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1 Canada.

3

Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1 Canada Susanne.Schmid@schulich.uwo.ca

Abstract

Habituation is a basic form of implicit learning and represents a sensory filter that is disrupted in autism, schizophrenia, and several other mental disorders. Despite extensive research in the past decades on habituation of startle and other escape responses, the underlying neural mechanisms are still not fully understood. There is evidence from previous studies indicating that BK channels might pay a critical role in habituation. We here used a wide array of approaches to test this hypothesis. We show that BK channel activation and subsequent phosphorylation of these channels are essential for synaptic depression presumably underlying startle habituation in rats, using patch-clamp recordings and voltage-sensitive dye imaging in slices. Furthermore, positive modulation of BK channels in vivo can enhance short-term habituation. Although results using different approaches do not always perfectly align, together they provide convincing evidence for a crucial role of BK channel phosphorylation in synaptic depression underlying short-term habituation of startle. We also show that this mechanism can be targeted to enhance short-term habituation and therefore to potentially ameliorate sensory filtering deficits associated with psychiatric disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTShort-term habituation is the most fundamental form of implicit learning. Habituation also represents a filter for inundating sensory information, which is disrupted in autism, schizophrenia, and other psychiatric disorders. Habituation has been studied in different organisms and behavioral models and is thought to be caused by synaptic depression in respective pathways. The underlying molecular mechanisms, however, are poorly understood. We here identify for the first time a BK channel dependent molecular synaptic mechanism leading to synaptic depression that is crucial for habituation, and we discuss the significance of our findings for potential treatments enhancing habituation.

Copyright © 2017 the authors.

PMID: 28348135

DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3699-16.2017

Altérations liées au sexe de la composition de microbiote intestinal dans le modèle de souris BTBR du trouble du spectre de l'autisme

Aperçu: G.M.

Des modifications de l'axe du microbiote-intestin-cerveau ont été invoquées dans la pathogenèse des troubles du spectre de l'autisme (TSA). Les modèles de souris pourraient représenter un excellent outil pour comprendre comment la dysbiose intestinale et les modifications connexes peuvent contribuer au phénotype autistique.  

Nous avons identifié les genres Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Sutterella, Dehalobacterium et Oscillospira comme facteurs clés des profils de microbiota intestinal spécifiques au sexe associés à certains traits pathologiques.  

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Sci Rep. 2017 Mar 28;7:45356. doi: 10.1038/srep45356.

Sex-related alterations of gut microbiota composition in the BTBR mouse model of autism spectrum disorder

Coretti L¹, Cristiano C², Florio E³, Scala G⁴, Lama A², Keller S³, Cuomo M³, Russo R², Pero R³, Paciello O⁵, Mattace Raso G², Meli R², Cocozza S^1,3, Calignano A², Chiariotti L^1,3, Lembo F².

Author information

1

Institute of Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale, IEOS, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.

2

Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131, Naples, Italy.

3

Department of Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.

4

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy.

5

Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy.

Abstract

Alterations of microbiota-gut-brain axis have been invoked in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Mouse models could represent an excellent tool to understand how gut dysbiosis and related alterations may contribute to autistic phenotype. In this study we paralleled gut microbiota (GM) profiles, behavioral characteristics, intestinal integrity and immunological features of colon tissues in BTBR T + tf/J (BTBR) inbred mice, a well established animal model of ASD. Sex differences, up to date poorly investigated in animal models, were specifically addressed. Results showed that BTBR mice of both sexes presented a marked intestinal dysbiosis, alterations of behavior, gut permeability and immunological state with respect to prosocial C57BL/6j (C57) strain. Noticeably, sex-related differences were clearly detected. We identified Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Sutterella, Dehalobacterium and Oscillospira genera as key drivers of sex-specific gut microbiota profiles associated with selected pathological traits. Taken together, our findings indicate that alteration of GM in BTBR mice shows relevant sex-associated differences and supports the use of BTBR mouse model to dissect autism associated microbiota-gut-brain axis alteration.

PMID: 28349974

DOI: 10.1038/srep45356

Impact du modèle Early Start Denver sur le niveau cognitif des enfants avec un diagnostic de trouble du spectre de l'autisme: protocole d'étude pour un essai randomisé contrôlé utilisant un modèle Zelen à deux étapes

Aperçu: G.M.

L'intervention précoce pour le trouble du spectre de l'autisme (TSA) dans les pays francophones d'Europe est hétérogène et mal évaluée à ce jour. Les unités d'intervention précoce appliquant le modèle Early Start Denver (ESDM) pour les tout-petits et les jeunes enfants avec un diagnostic de TSA ont été créées en France et en Belgique pour améliorer cette situation.

Nous évaluerons l'efficacité de 12 heures par semaine d'intervention ESDM sur le niveau cognitif des enfants avec un diagnostic de TSA, sur une période de 2 ans. 

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BMJ Open. 2017 Mar 27;7(3):e014730. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014730.

Impact of the Early Start Denver Model on the cognitive level of children with autism spectrum disorder: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial using a two-stage Zelen design

Touzet S^1,2, Occelli P^1,2, Schröder C^3,4, Manificat S⁵, Gicquel L^6,7, Stanciu R⁸, Schaer M⁹, Oreve MJ¹⁰, Speranza M^10,11, Denis A^1,2, Zelmar A^1,2, Falissard B^12,13, Georgieff N^14,15, Bahrami S^11,16, Geoffray MM^14,15; IDEA Study Group.

Collaborators (30)

Grisi S, Marignier S, Useo JM, Pourrat A, Peter C, Mengarelli F, Gallifet N, Rumillat F, Tenant G, Sonié S, Zimmerman M, Malo V, Jacob CG, Bahrami S, Queste C, Raffeneau F, Gilet S, Ammeloot M, Danion-Grilliat A, Florence E, Vecchionacci V, Janssen L, Dubrovskaya A, Rohmer M, Lambs B, Delvenne V, Carlier S, Ducenne L, Colin C, Bouveret L.

Author information

1

Pôle Information Médicale Evaluation Recherche, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon F-69003, France.

2

Laboratoire Health Services and Performance Research, EA 7425 HESPER, Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69008 France.

3

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hopitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg F-67000, France.

4

CNRS UPR 3212-Team 9, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg F-67000, France.

5

Centre Hospitalier Saint Jean de Dieu, Lyon F-69008, France.

6

Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Centre Hospitalier Spécialisé Henri Laborit, Saint Benoît F-86280, France.

7

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Unité de Recherche Clinique, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers F-86000, France.

8

Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles 1020, Belgium.

9

Office Médico-Pédagogique, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

10

Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Le Chesnay F-78150, France.

11

EA 4047 HANDIReSP, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles F-78000, France.

12

Université Paris-Sud, CESP, INSERM, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, U1178, Maison de Solenn, Paris cedex 14, France.

13

Department of Public Health, AP-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif F-94800, France.

14

Department of child and adolescent psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier le Vinatiers, Bron F-69500, France.

15

Université de Lyon, Lyon F-69008, France.

16

CIC 1429, INSERM, AP-HP, Hôpital Raymond-Poincare, Garches F-92380, France.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:

Early intervention for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the European French-speaking countries is heterogeneous and poorly evaluated to date. Early intervention units applying the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) for toddlers and young children with ASD have been created in France and Belgium to improve this situation. It is essential to evaluate this intervention for the political decision-making process regarding ASD interventions in European French-speaking countries. We will evaluate the effectiveness of 12 hours per week ESDM intervention on the cognitive level of children with ASD, over a 2-year period.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS:

The study will be a multicentre, randomised controlled trial, using a two-stage Zelen design. Children aged 15-36 months, diagnosed with ASD and with a developmental quotient (DQ) of 30 or above on the Mullen Scale of Early Learning (MSEL) will be included. We will use a stratified minimisation randomisation at a ratio 1:2 in favour of the control group. The sample size required is 180 children (120 in the control and 60 in the intervention group). The experimental group will receive 12 hours per week ESDM by trained therapists 10 hours per week in the centre and 2 hours in the toddlers' natural environment (alternatively by the therapist and the parent). The control group will receive care available in the community. The primary outcome will be the change in cognitive level measured with the DQ of the MSEL scored at 2 years. Secondary outcomes will include change in autism symptoms, behavioural adaptation, communicative and productive language level, sensory profile and parents' quality of life. The primary analysis will use the intention-to-treat principle. An economic evaluation will be performed.

DISSEMINATION:

Findings from the study will be disseminated through peer reviewed publications and meetings.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER:

NCT02608333 (clinicaltrials.gov); Pre-results.

Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

PMID: 28348195

DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014730

La formation en mémoire de travail chez les enfants souffrant de troubles neuropsychiatriques et le fonctionnement intellectuel léger à limité, le rôle du coaching; Un essai contrôlé randomisé en double aveugle

Aperçu: G.M.

La formation en mémoire de travail (WMT) a permis d'offrir des avantages thérapeutiques aux patients atteints de trouble déficitaire de l'attention avec déficit de l'hyperactivité (TDAH) et aux patients avec des déficiences intellectuelles légères à limitées (MBID; 60 <IQ <85). Cependant, il manque des preuves solides des effets de transfert et des avantages de traitement de la WMT par rapport à la formation placebo. 

Cette étude apportera à la littérature puisque le rôle du coaching dans le WMT de Cogmed n'a pas été étudié auparavant. Elle fournira également des occasions d'enquêter sur une version alternative de WMT dans un grand groupe d'enfants vulnérables, pour lesquels peu de traitements fondés sur des preuves sont disponibles. En fin de compte, cela nous permettra de conseiller les professionnels de la santé mentale et les écoles d'éducation spéciale sur l'utilisation de ce type d'intervention pour les enfants atteints de MBID et des troubles neuropsychiatriques. 

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BMC Psychiatry. 2017 Mar 28;17(1):114. doi: 10.1186/s12888-017-1274-6.

Working memory training in children with neuropsychiatric disorders and mild to borderline intellectual functioning, the role of coaching; a double-blind randomized controlled trial

Roording-Ragetlie S^1,2, Klip H³, Buitelaar J^3,4,5, Slaats-Willemse D^3,6.

Author information

1

Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. s.roording@karakter.com

2

Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Utrechtseweg 320, 6862 BC, Oosterbeek, The Netherlands. s.roording@karakter.com.

3

Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

4

Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

5

Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

6

Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Working memory training (WMT) has been shown to offer therapeutic benefits to both patients with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and patients with mild to borderline Intellectual Disabilities (MBID; 60 < IQ < 85). However, robust evidence for transfer effects and treatment benefits of WMT over placebo training are lacking. Owing to the nature of double-blind research designs in RCTs, children have received non-specific coaching not based on their actual training performance. Active coaching based on individual training results (such as in clinical practice) might enhance the efficacy of Cogmed WMT. Furthermore, clinical experience and the general treatment approach to these vulnerable children has shown that the intensity and duration of WMT is often too stressful. This study therefore investigated the efficacy of a less intensive, but more prolonged Cogmed WMT (including active personalized coaching and feedback) in reducing behavioral symptoms and improving neurocognitive functioning and academic achievements in children with MBID and neuropsychiatric disorders.

METHODS/DESIGN:

A double-blind RCT with children (age 10.0-13.11) with neuropsychiatric disorders (ADHD and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD)) and MBID (IQ: 60 < IQ < 85). Two groups (each n = 26) will receive Cogmed WMT (version R/M) at home or at school for 8 weeks, 4 days a week, at 30 min a day. One group will receive active personalized coaching and feedback based on their actual individual performance during Cogmed training. The other group will only receive general non-personalized coaching (i.e. no receive personalized coaching and feedback). Both groups will undergo a neurocognitive assessment (working memory, executive functioning, academic achievements) before and after training and complete several questionnaires (behavioral problems, parenting style) with a 6 months follow-up.

DISCUSSION:

This study will add to the literature since the role of coaching in Cogmed WMT has not been studied before. It will also provide opportunities to investigate an alternative version of WMT in a large group of vulnerable children, for whom few evidence-based treatments are available. Ultimately, this will allow us to advise mental health care professionals and special education schools about the use of this type of intervention for children with MBID and neuropsychiatric disorders.

TRIAL REGISTRATION:

Dutch Trial Register. NTR5223 . Registration date 06-09-2015.

PMID: 28351374

DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1274-6

Tâche en tant que renforçateur: une alternative réactive aux formes traditionnelles d'échappement à l'extinction

Aperçu: G.M.

Les comportements inappropriés, allant de la résistance passive à l'agression physique, la destruction de biens ou les comportements d'auto-mutilation, sont souvent produits pour échapper ou éviter des activités non voulues.

Les procédures proactives ne sont que modérément efficaces sans l'échappement à l'extinction, mais cette procédure peut produire des effets secondaires négatifs et des efforts ont été faits pour trouver des alternatives. 

A partir d'une ligne de base multiple, sur les excès comportementaux, les activités non voulues et les les participants, un délai d'expiration de la possibilité de travailler réduit efficacement les excès de comportement et développe une meilleure compliance aux activités non voulues.

Behav Anal Pract. 2016 Sep 12;10(1):22-34. doi: 10.1007/s40617-016-0139-7. eCollection 2017.

Task as Reinforcer: a Reactive Alternative to Traditional Forms of Escape Extinction

Ward S¹, Parker A², Perdikaris A².

Author information

1

Whole Child Consulting, LLC, Dunnellon, FL 34434 USA.

2

Chicago Autism Behavior Specialists, Itasca, IL 60143 USA.

Abstract

Inappropriate behaviors, ranging from passive resistance to physical aggression, property destruction, or self-injurious behavior frequently function for escape from or avoidance of non-preferred activities. Proactive procedures have been shown to be only moderately effective without the use of escape extinction, but escape extinction can produce negative side effects, and efforts have been made to find alternatives. The current study tested the efficacy of a reactive procedure that may serve as an alternative to traditional forms of escape extinction. In a multiple baseline across behavioral excesses, non-preferred activities, and participants, a timeout from the opportunity to work effectively reduced behavioral excesses and increased compliance with non-preferred activities. With one participant, a multiple baseline was implemented across instructional targets, resulting in an increased rate of skill acquisition after "wait outs" were introduced to each program.

PMID: 28352504

PMCID:PMC5352626

DOI: 10.1007/s40617-016-0139-7

L'utilisation de l'évaluation dans les programmes de traitement pour les enfants avec un diagnostic d'autisme

Aperçu: G.M.

L'évaluation du programme consiste à utiliser les activités planifiées pour surveiller les processus, les résultats et l'impact d'un programme ou d'une intervention en matière de santé.

Un bref aperçu des fournisseurs d'interventions comportementales en Californie et au Texas et la recherche de la littérature comportementale suggèrent que la pratique de l'évaluation du programme est sous-utilisée parmi les fournisseurs de services comportementaux.  

Les pratiques organisationnelles actuelles consistent principalement à faire un rapport sur les objectifs individuels des consommateurs. Le but de cet article est de fournir une introduction aux processus et aux procédures d'évaluation afin de promouvoir la mise en œuvre de certaines ou de toutes ces composantes. Les domaines abordés comprennent la définition de la population desservie et les intervenants du programme, décrivant le programme et l'intervention, en sélectionnant les buts et les objectifs de l'évaluation, les considérations éthiques et les rapports.

Behav Anal Pract. 2016 Jul 18;10(1):35-44. doi: 10.1007/s40617-016-0130-3. eCollection 2017.

The Use of Evaluation in Treatment Programs for Children with Autism

Miller KL¹.

Author information

1

Ed Support Services, 1942 Embarcadero, Oakland, CA 94606 USA.

Abstract

Program evaluation is the use of planned activities to monitor process, outcomes, and impact of a health program or intervention. The application of program evaluation to behavioral analytic treatment programs for children with autism is a useful and necessary activity to inform practitioners and other stakeholders of the efficacy of these programs and to promote adherence to best-practice treatments. A brief survey of behavioral providers in California and Texas and search of the behavioral literature suggest that the practice of program evaluation is underutilized among providers of behavioral services. Current organizational practices primarily involve reporting on individualized consumer goals. The purpose of this paper is to provide an introduction to evaluation processes and procedures to promote the implementation of some or all of these components. Areas discussed include defining the population served and program stakeholders, describing the program and intervention, selecting evaluation goals and objectives, ethical considerations, and reporting.

PMID: 28352505

PMCID: PMC5352622

DOI: 10.1007/s40617-016-0130-3