Traduction: G.M.
Autism. 2016 Sep 13. pii: 1362361316654283.
Kanner, Asperger, and Frankl: A third man at the genesis of the autism diagnosis
Author information
- 1The College of William & Mary in Virginia, USA jerobison@wm.edu.
Abstract
Les
chercheurs ont longtemps spéculé sur la façon dont les descriptions de
Kanner et Asperger du comportement autistique sont apparues à seulement 1
an d'intervalle en Amérique et en Autriche alors que la Seconde Guerre
mondiale avaient rompu la communication entre les deux pays. La collusion et le heureux hasard ont été tout deux allégués, mais une explication plus simple a maintenant émergé. La connaissance
autistique a traversé l'Atlantique avec Georg Frankl - un "homme du milieu"
auparavant inconnu qui a suivi sa fiancée en Amérique. La
preuve présentée ici remplit de nombreux trous et suggère que Kanner et Asperger ont tous deux, bénéficié de la perspicacité de Frankl. Il
était une force directrice pour les hommes: invisibles jusqu'à présent
parce qu'il a laissé très peu d'articles publiés. A la fin de leur vie, Kanner et Asperger ont décrit leurs milieux comme séparés et distincts. Aujourd'hui,
ils font partie ensemble du spectre de l'autisme dans le Manuel
diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux (5e éd.).
Cet article explique comment et pourquoi Kanner et Asperger ont vu leurs descriptions comme différentes. Il est vrai que Georg Frankl a aidé les deux hommes à voir l'autisme comme nous le connaissons aujourd'hui, et en voyant d'abord l'ampleur de ce continuum.
Scholars have long speculated about how Kanner and Asperger's descriptions of autistic behavior appeared just 1 year apart in America and Austria even as World War II had severed communication between the two countries. Both conspiracy and serendipity have been alleged, but a simpler explanation has now emerged. Autistic knowledge crossed the Atlantic with Georg Frankl-a previously unrecognized "man in the middle" who followed his fiancé to America. The evidence presented here fills in many blanks and suggests both Kanner and Asperger benefited from Frankl's insight. He was a guiding force for both men: unseen until now because he left very little in the way of published papers. To the end of their lives, Kanner and Asperger described their conditions as separate and distinct. Today, they are both part of the Autism Spectrum in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). This article explains how and why Kanner and Asperger saw their descriptions as different. It makes the case that Georg Frankl helped both men see autism as we know it today and first saw the breadth of that continuum.
© The Author(s) 2016.
Cet article explique comment et pourquoi Kanner et Asperger ont vu leurs descriptions comme différentes. Il est vrai que Georg Frankl a aidé les deux hommes à voir l'autisme comme nous le connaissons aujourd'hui, et en voyant d'abord l'ampleur de ce continuum.
Scholars have long speculated about how Kanner and Asperger's descriptions of autistic behavior appeared just 1 year apart in America and Austria even as World War II had severed communication between the two countries. Both conspiracy and serendipity have been alleged, but a simpler explanation has now emerged. Autistic knowledge crossed the Atlantic with Georg Frankl-a previously unrecognized "man in the middle" who followed his fiancé to America. The evidence presented here fills in many blanks and suggests both Kanner and Asperger benefited from Frankl's insight. He was a guiding force for both men: unseen until now because he left very little in the way of published papers. To the end of their lives, Kanner and Asperger described their conditions as separate and distinct. Today, they are both part of the Autism Spectrum in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). This article explains how and why Kanner and Asperger saw their descriptions as different. It makes the case that Georg Frankl helped both men see autism as we know it today and first saw the breadth of that continuum.
© The Author(s) 2016.
- PMID: 27624646
- DOI: 10.1177/1362361316654283
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