DHA alimentaire, bioaccessibilité et développement neurobiologique chez les enfants

Aperçu: G.M.

Le DHA est un acide gras polyinsaturé n-3 nutritionnel clé (AGP n-3) et doit être apporté par l'alimentation humaine.

Des niveaux élevés d'apport en DHA semblent réduire le risque de dépression, de trouble bipolaire et de troubles de l'humeur. Sur la base de ces connexions entre le DHA et la santé neurologique, cet article examine ce qui est actuellement connu au sujet du DHA et du développement neurologique  des enfants, ainsi que les avantages de l'absorption de DHA dans la prévention de l'autisme et des troubles du comportement.

En tant que principales conclusions, on peut mentionner que l'apport élevé en DHA peut prévenir le trouble de l'autisme. Cependant, d'autres études sont nécessaires pour renforcer le lien entre l'autisme et le DHA alimentaire. 

Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2017 Jun 30:0. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1338245.

Dietary DHA, Bioaccessibility, and Neurobehavioural Development in Children

Cardoso C^1,2, Afonso C^1,2, Bandarra NM^1,2.

Author information

1

a Department of Sea and Marine Resources , Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, IP), Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 1495-006 Lisbon , Portugal.

2

b CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto , Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto , Portugal.

Abstract

DHA is a key nutritional n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) and needs to be supplied by the human diet. High levels of DHA intake appear to reduce the risk of depression, bipolar disorder, and mood disorders. On the basis of these connections between DHA and neurological health, this paper reviews what is currently known about DHA and children neurodevelopment as well as the benefits of DHA intake to prevention of autism and behaviour disorders through a selective and representative revision of different papers ranging from pure observational studies to randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This review also highlights the issue of DHA bioaccessibility and its implications to the performance of studies. As main conclusions, it can be mentioned that high DHA intake may prevent autism disorder. However, more studies are required to strengthen the connection between autism and dietary DHA. Regarding behavioural disorders, the evidence is also contradictory, thereby raising the need of further studies. From all screened studies on autism, ADHD, and other disorders, it can be concluded that study samples should be larger for greater statistical significance and RCTs should be more carefully designed.

PMID:28665691

DOI:10.1080/10408398.2017.1338245