Biomarkers in autism spectrum disorder: the old and the new

Traduction partielle : G.M.

Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2013 Oct 6.

Biomarqueurs dans l'autisme: l'ancien et le nouveau

Ruggeri B, Sarkans U, Schumann G, Persico AM.

Source

MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.

Abstract

RATIONALE:

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with onset during early childhood and typically a life-long course. The majority of ASD cases stems from complex, 'multiple-hit', oligogenic/polygenic underpinnings involving several loci and possibly gene-environment interactions. These multiple layers of complexity spur interest into the identification of biomarkers able to define biologically homogeneous subgroups, predict autism risk prior to the onset of behavioural abnormalities, aid early diagnoses, predict the developmental trajectory of ASD children, predict response to treatment and identify children at risk for severe adverse reactions to psychoactive drugs.

OBJECTIVES:

The present paper reviews (a) similarities and differences between the concepts of 'biomarker' and 'endophenotype', (b) established biomarkers and endophenotypes in autism research (biochemical, morphological, hormonal, immunological, neurophysiological and neuroanatomical, neuropsychological, behavioural), (c) -omics approaches towards the discovery of novel biomarker panels for ASD, (d) bioresource infrastructures and (e) data management for biomarker research in autism.

RESULTS:

Les biomarqueurs connus, tels que les niveaux sanguins anormaux de sérotonine , l'ocytocine , la mélatonine , les cytokines immunitaires et sous-types de lymphocytes , de multiples , les paramètres d'imagerie cérébrale électrophysiologique et neuropsychologiques, finiront par fusionner avec de nouveaux biomarqueurs identifiés à l'aide génomique impartiale , les méthodes épigénomiques , transcriptomique , protéomique et métabolomique , pour générer des panels multimarqueurs. 
Les infrastructures de bioressources , la gestion des données et l'analyse de données en utilisant les réseaux d'intelligence artificielle contribueront à soutenir les efforts pour identifier ces groupes de biomarqueurs .

CONCLUSIONS:

Biomarker research has great heuristic potential in targeting autism diagnosis and treatment.

PMID: 24096533