Exposition périnatale à la pollution atmosphérique liée au trafic et troubles spectre de l'autisme

Traduction: G.M.

Environ Health Perspect. 2016 Aug 5.

Perinatal Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Autism Spectrum Disorders

Gong T¹, Dalman C^2,3, Wicks S^2,3, Dal H^2,3, Magnusson C², Lundholm C¹, Almqvist C^1,4, Pershagen G^5,6.

Author information

• ¹Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet.
• ²Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet.
• ³Center for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm County Council.
• ⁴Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital.
• ⁵Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet.
• ⁶Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Studies from the United States indicate that exposure to air pollution in early life is associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children, but the evidence is not consistent with European data.

METHOD:

Children born and residing in Stockholm during 1993-2007 with an ASD diagnosis were identified through multiple health registers and classified as cases (n=5,136). A randomly selected sample of 18,237 children from the same study base constituted controls. Levels of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and particulate matter with diameters <10µm (PM₁₀) from road traffic were estimated at residential addresses during mother's pregnancy and the child's first year of life by dispersion models. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for ASD with or without intellectual disability (ID) were estimated using logistic regression models after conditioning on municipality and calendar year of birth as well as adjustment for potential confounders.

RESULT:

Air pollution exposure during the prenatal period was not associated with ASD overall (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.86-1.15 per 10 µg/m³ increase in PM₁₀ and OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.94-1.10 per 20 µg/m³ increase in NO_x during mother's pregnancy). Similar results were seen for exposure during the first year of life, and for ASD in combination with ID. An inverse association between air pollution exposure and ASD risk was observed among children of mothers who moved to a new residence during pregnancy.
L'exposition à la pollution atmosphérique pendant la période prénatale n'a pas été associée  à l'ensemble du TSA (OR 1,00, IC à 95% augmentation de 0,86 à 1,15 par 10 ug / m3 en PM10 et OR 1,02, IC à 95% d'augmentation / m3 0,94 à 1,10 par 20 pg de NOx au cours la grossesse de la mère). Des résultats similaires ont été observés pour l'exposition au cours de la première année de vie, et pour les TSA en combinaison avec ID. Une association inverse entre l'exposition à la pollution de l'air et le risque de TSA a été observée chez les enfants de mères qui ont déménagé dans une nouvelle résidence pendant la grossesse.

CONCLUSION:

Early life exposure to low levels of NO_x and PM₁₀ from road traffic does not appear to increase the risk of ASD.
L'exposition précoce à de faibles niveaux de NOx et de PM10 du trafic routier ne semble pas augmenter le risque de TSA.

PMID: 27494442

DOI: 10.1289/EHP118