Associations d'utilisation d'antidépresseurs maternels pendant le premier trimestre de grossesse avec naissance prématurée, faible âge gestationnel, trouble du spectre de l'autisme et trouble déficitaire de l'attention/hyperactivité chez les enfants

Aperçu: G.M.

L'exposition aux antidépresseurs prénataux a été associée à des résultats défavorables.

L'étude a évalué différentes hypothèses pour les associations entre l'exposition aux antidépresseurs au premier trimestre et les problèmes de naissance et de développement neurologique.

Les mesures portent sur la naissance prématurée (<37 semaines de gestation), le faible âge gestationnel (poids de la naissance <2 SD en dessous de la moyenne pour l'âge gestationnel) et le premier diagnostic clinique d'hospitalisation ou de diagnostic ambulatoire du trouble du spectre de l'autisme et du trouble déficitaire de l'attention / hyperactivité chez les descendants. 

Parmi les descendants nés en Suède, après avoir tenu compte des facteurs de confusion, l'exposition aux antidépresseurs au premier trimestre , par rapport à l'absence d'exposition, a été associée à un faible risque accru de naissance prématurée, mais l'exposition aux antidépresseurs au premier trimestre n'a été associé à aucun risque accru de trouble du spectre de l'autisme,  de faible âge gestationnel, ou de déficit d''attention / hyperactivité.

JAMA. 2017 Apr 18;317(15):1553-1562. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.3413.

Associations of Maternal Antidepressant Use During the First Trimester of Pregnancy With Preterm Birth, Small for Gestational Age, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Offspring

Sujan AC¹, Rickert ME¹, Öberg AS², Quinn PD¹, Hernández-Díaz S³, Almqvist C⁴, Lichtenstein P⁴, Larsson H⁵, D'Onofrio BM⁶.

Author information

1

Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington.

2

Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden3Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.

3

Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.

4

Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

5

Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden4School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.

6

Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington2Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Abstract

Importance:

Prenatal antidepressant exposure has been associated with adverse outcomes. Previous studies, however, may not have adequately accounted for confounding.

Objective:

To evaluate alternative hypotheses for associations between first-trimester antidepressant exposure and birth and neurodevelopmental problems.

Design, Setting, and Participants:

This retrospective cohort study included Swedish offspring born between 1996 and 2012 and followed up through 2013 or censored by death or emigration. Analyses controlling for pregnancy, maternal and paternal covariates, as well as sibling comparisons, timing of exposure comparisons, and paternal comparisons, were used to examine the associations.

Exposures:

Maternal self-reported first-trimester antidepressant use and first-trimester antidepressant dispensations.

Main Outcomes and Measures:

Preterm birth (<37 gestational weeks), small for gestational age (birth weight <2 SDs below the mean for gestational age), and first inpatient or outpatient clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring.

Results:

Among 1 580 629 offspring (mean gestational age, 279 days; 48.6% female; 1.4% [n = 22 544] with maternal first-trimester self-reported antidepressant use) born to 943 776 mothers (mean age at childbirth, 30 years), 6.98% of exposed vs 4.78% of unexposed offspring were preterm, 2.54% of exposed vs 2.19% of unexposed were small for gestational age, 5.28% of exposed vs 2.14% of unexposed were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder by age 15 years, and 12.63% of exposed vs 5.46% of unexposed were diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder by age 15 years. At the population level, first-trimester exposure was associated with all outcomes compared with unexposed offspring (preterm birth odds ratio [OR], 1.47 [95% CI, 1.40-1.55]; small for gestational age OR, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.06-1.25]; autism spectrum disorder hazard ratio [HR], 2.02 [95% CI, 1.80-2.26]; attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder HR, 2.21 [95% CI, 2.04-2.39]). However, in models that compared siblings while adjusting for pregnancy, maternal, and paternal traits, first-trimester antidepressant exposure was associated with preterm birth (OR, 1.34 [95% CI, 1.18-1.52]) but not with small for gestational age (OR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.81-1.25]), autism spectrum disorder (HR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.62-1.13]), or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (HR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.79-1.25]). Results from analyses assessing associations with maternal dispensations before pregnancy and with paternal first-trimester dispensations were consistent with findings from the sibling comparisons.

Conclusions and Relevance:

Among offspring born in Sweden, after accounting for confounding factors, first-trimester exposure to antidepressants, compared with no exposure, was associated with a small increased risk of preterm birth but no increased risk of small for gestational age, autism spectrum disorder, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

PMID: 28418479

DOI: 10.1001/jama.2017.3413