Aperçu: G.M.
Les chercheurs ont étudié
la relation entre les variables d'imagerie pour les deux voies langage/élocution et les variables de la maîtrise de la parole chez 10
enfants autistes peu verbaux (MV).
Plus précisément, les chercheurs ont cherché à vérifier si les mesures de l'intégrité de la substance blanche - l'anisotropie
fractionnée (FA) du fasciculus arqué (FA) et le tractus d'asphalte
frontal (FAT) - étaient liées à un changement de pourcentage de syllabe -
consonnes initiales correctes, pourcentage d'éléments répondu et
pourcentage d'rreurs d'insertion de syllabes (de la meilleure ligne de base à la publication de 25 séances de traitement). Vingt-trois
enfants MV ayant un diagnostic de trouble du spectre de l'autisme (TSA) ont reçu une
formation de cartographie auditive-motrice (AMMT), un traitement basé
sur l'intonation pour améliorer la fluidité de la parole, et sept personnes contrôle
appariées ont reçu le traitement.
Les
analyses de régression ont montré que les valeurs de FA dans la FAT gauche ont prédit de manière significative la variation du pourcentage
de syllabes-consonnes initiales correctes, aucune variable de FA n'a
prédit de manière significative le changement dans le pourcentage
d'éléments répondu et la FA de FAT droit prédit de façon significative le
changement de pourcentage d'erreurs d'insertion de syllabes. Les
résultats sont cohérents avec les rôles précédemment identifiés pour
l'AF dans la médiation du cartographie bidirectionnelle entre
l'articulation et l'acoustique, et le FAT dans sa relation avec
l'initiation et la fluidité de la parole. Ils
suggèrent en outre une division du travail entre les hémisphères,
impliquant l'hémisphère gauche dans l'exactitude de la production de la
parole et l'hémisphère droit dans la fluidité de cette population.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2017 Apr 5;11:175. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00175. eCollection 2017.
White Matter Integrity and Treatment-Based Change in Speech Performance in Minimally Verbal Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Chenausky K1,2, Kernbach J1,3, Norton A1, Schlaug G1,2.
Author information
- 1
- Department of Neurology, Music, Neuroimaging, and Stroke Recovery Laboratory, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBoston, MA, USA.
- 2
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA.
- 3
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany.
Abstract
We
investigated the relationship between imaging variables for two
language/speech-motor tracts and speech fluency variables in 10
minimally verbal (MV) children with autism.
Specifically, we tested whether measures of white matter
integrity-fractional anisotropy (FA) of the arcuate fasciculus (AF) and
frontal aslant tract (FAT)-were related to change in percent
syllable-initial consonants correct, percent items responded to, and
percent syllable insertion errors (from best baseline to post 25
treatment sessions). Twenty-three MV children with autism spectrum disorder
(ASD) received Auditory-Motor Mapping Training (AMMT), an
intonation-based treatment to improve fluency in spoken output, and we
report on seven who received a matched control treatment. Ten of the
AMMT participants were able to undergo a magnetic resonance imaging
study at baseline; their performance on baseline speech production
measures is compared to that of the other two groups. No baseline
differences were found between groups. A canonical correlation analysis
(CCA) relating FA values for left- and right-hemisphere AF and FAT to
speech production measures showed that FA of the left AF and right FAT
were the largest contributors to the synthetic independent
imaging-related variable. Change in percent syllable-initial consonants
correct and percent syllable-insertion errors were the largest
contributors to the synthetic dependent fluency-related variable.
Regression analyses showed that FA values in left AF significantly
predicted change in percent syllable-initial consonants correct, no FA
variables significantly predicted change in percent items responded to,
and FA of right FAT significantly predicted change in percent
syllable-insertion errors. Results are consistent with previously
identified roles for the AF in mediating bidirectional mapping between
articulation and acoustics, and the FAT in its relationship to speech
initiation and fluency. They further suggest a division of labor between
the hemispheres, implicating the left hemisphere in accuracy of speech
production and the right hemisphere in fluency in this population.
Changes in response rate are interpreted as stemming from factors other
than the integrity of these two fiber tracts. This study is the first to
document the existence of a subgroup of MV children who experience
increases in syllable- insertion errors as their speech develops in
response to therapy.
- PMID: 28424605
- PMCID: PMC5380725
- DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00175
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