Comparaison des substrats neuronaux de la réduction du délai entre les jeunes avec un diagnostic de trouble du spectre de l'autisme et de trouble obsessionnel-compulsif.

Aperçu: G.M.

Les chercheurs ont voulu vérifier si la prise de décision axée sur les récompenses est une caractéristique trans-diagnostique commune des deux troubles avec des substrats neurofonctionnels similaires ou si c'est un phénotype partagé avec des bases neuro-fonctionnelles différentielles-désordonnées.

Les garçons appariés selon l'âgés et le QI avec TSA (N = 20), avec TOC (N = 20) et 20 témoins sains, ont effectué une tâche de réduction du délai dans un IRMf.

Les garçons avec un diagnostic de TSA ont montré une plus grande impulsivité de choix comparés à ceux avec TOC et aux garçons témoins.

Cette première comparaison de l'IRMF entre les jeunes avec diagnostic de TSA et de TOC, en utilisant une tâche de prise de décision axée sur les récompenses, montre des anomalies neuro-fonctionnelles partagées au cours de la tâche dans les régions ventriculaires, ortoxiques et inférieures fronto-striatales, temporo-pariétales et cérébelleuses de la prévoyance temporelle et du traitement des récompenses, ce qui suggère des déficits neurofonctionnels de diagnostic trans-diagnostique.

Psychol Med. 2017 Apr 24:1-15. doi: 10.1017/S0033291717001088.

Comparison of neural substrates of temporal discounting between youth with autism spectrum disorder and with obsessive-compulsive disorder

Carlisi CO¹, Norman L¹, Murphy CM¹, Christakou A², Chantiluke K¹, Giampietro V³, Simmons A³, Brammer M³, Murphy DG⁴; MRC AIMS consortium, Mataix-Cols D⁵, Rubia K¹.

Author information

1

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College,London,UK.

2

Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading,Reading,UK.

3

Department of Neuroimaging,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College,London,UK.

4

Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences,Sackler Institute for Translational Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College,London,UK.

5

Department of Clinical Neuroscience,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet,Stockholm,Sweden.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) share abnormalities in hot executive functions such as reward-based decision-making, as measured in the temporal discounting task (TD). No studies, however, have directly compared these disorders to investigate common/distinct neural profiles underlying such abnormalities. We wanted to test whether reward-based decision-making is a shared transdiagnostic feature of both disorders with similar neurofunctional substrates or whether it is a shared phenotype with disorder-differential neurofunctional underpinnings.

METHODS:

Age and IQ-matched boys with ASD (N = 20), with OCD (N = 20) and 20 healthy controls, performed an individually-adjusted functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) TD task. Brain activation and performance were compared between groups.

RESULTS:

Boys with ASD showed greater choice-impulsivity than OCD and control boys. Whole-brain between-group comparison revealed shared reductions in ASD and OCD relative to control boys for delayed-immediate choices in right ventromedial/lateral orbitofrontal cortex extending into medial/inferior prefrontal cortex, and in cerebellum, posterior cingulate and precuneus. For immediate-delayed choices, patients relative to controls showed reduced activation in anterior cingulate/ventromedial prefrontal cortex reaching into left caudate, which, at a trend level, was more decreased in ASD than OCD patients, and in bilateral temporal and inferior parietal regions.

CONCLUSIONS:

This first fMRI comparison between youth with ASD and with OCD, using a reward-based decision-making task, shows predominantly shared neurofunctional abnormalities during TD in key ventromedial, orbital- and inferior fronto-striatal, temporo-parietal and cerebellar regions of temporal foresight and reward processing, suggesting trans-diagnostic neurofunctional deficits.

PMID: 28436342

DOI: 10.1017/S0033291717001088