Aperçu: G.M.
La
performance de la fonction exécutive (FE) est associée aux mesures de
la microstructure de la matière blanche (WMS) chez les individus
typiques. La FE déficitaire est un symptôme caractéristique des troubles du spectre
de l'autisme (TSA), mais il est difficile de savoir si les problèmes de FE
se rapportent à la variabilité du WMS.
Les
variations de la performance de l'EF et les mesures WMS étaient
dépendantes de l'âge chez les personnes au développement typique (DT) mais de façon atténuée dans le groupe TSA.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2017 Apr 26. doi: 10.1007/s00787-017-0990-2. [Epub ahead of print]
Atypical age-dependency of executive function and white matter microstructure in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders
Martínez K1,2,3,4,5, Merchán-Naranjo J6,7,8, Pina-Camacho L6,7,8,9, Alemán-Gómez Y7,8, Boada L6,7,8, Fraguas D6,7,8, Moreno C6,7,8, Arango C6,7,8,10, Janssen J6,7,8,11, Parellada M6,7,8,10.
Author information
- 1
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. kenia.martinez.r@gmail.com
- 2
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain. kenia.martinez.r@gmail.com.
- 3
- Ciber del área de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain. kenia.martinez.r@gmail.com.
- 4
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. kenia.martinez.r@gmail.com
- 5
- Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Edificio prefabricado, entrada por Máiquez 9, 28009, Madrid, Spain. kenia.martinez.r@gmail.com.
- 6
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
- 7
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain.
- 8
- Ciber del área de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.
- 9
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
- 10
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- 11
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Abstract
Executive
function (EF) performance is associated with measurements of white
matter microstructure (WMS) in typical individuals. Impaired EF is a
hallmark symptom of autism
spectrum disorders (ASD) but it is unclear how impaired EF relates to
variability in WMS. Twenty-one male youth (8-18 years) with ASD and
without intellectual disability and twenty-one typical male participants
(TP) matched for age, intelligence quotient, handedness, race and
parental socioeconomic status were recruited. Five EF domains were
assessed and several DTI-based measurements of WMS [fractional
anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD) and radial diffusivity (RD)] were
estimated for eighteen white matter tracts. The ASD group had lower
scores for attention (F = 8.37, p = 0.006) and response inhibition
(F = 13.09, p = 0.001). Age-dependent changes of EF performance and WMS
measurements were present in TP but attenuated in the ASD group. The
strongest diagnosis-by-age effect was found for forceps minor, left
anterior thalamic radiation and left cingulum angular bundle (all
p's ≤ 0.002). In these tracts subjects with ASD tended to have equal or
increased FA and/or reduced MD and/or RD at younger ages while controls
had increased FA and/or reduced MD and/or RD thereafter. Only for TP
individuals, increased FA in the left anterior thalamic radiation was
associated with better response inhibition, while reduced RD in forceps
minor and left cingulum angular bundle was related to better problem
solving and working memory performance respectively. These findings
provide novel insight into the age-dependency of EF performance and WMS
in ASD, which can be instructive to cognitive training programs.
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