Perception atypique dans l'autisme: un échec de la spécialisation perceptive?

Aperçu:G.M.

Les chercheurs ont examiné si la réduction de la spécialisation perceptuelle sous-tend la perception atypique des troubles du spectre de l'autisme (TSA) des classifications des stimuli qui diffèrent soit par des dimensions intégrales (dimensions prototypiques intégrales de la valeur et chroma), soit selon des dimensions séparables (dimensions prototypiques séparables de la valeur et de la taille).  

Les modèles actuels de la perception des personnes avec un diagnostic de TSA suggèrent que, sur ces tâches, les personnes avec TSA seraient ou plus susceptibles de traiter les dimensions comme séparables, qu'elles soient représentatives de dimensions séparables ou intégrées.  

En revanche, une spécialisation réduite proposerait que les personnes avec TSA répondent de manière plus intégrale aux stimuli qui diffèrent selon des dimensions séparables et, en même temps, répondent de manière plus séparable aux stimuli qui diffèrent selon des dimensions intégrales. 

 

Autism Res. 2017 May 5. doi: 10.1002/aur.1800.

Atypical perception in autism: A Failure of Perceptual Specialization?

Hadad BS¹, Goldstein EK¹, Russo NN².

Author information

1

Edmond J. Safra Brain Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, 31905, Israel.

2

Cognition, Brain and Behavior, Syracuse University, 403 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY.

Abstract

We examined whether reduced perceptual specialization underlies atypical perception in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) testing classifications of stimuli that differ either along integral dimensions (prototypical integral dimensions of value and chroma), or along separable dimensions (prototypical separable dimensions of value and size). Current models of the perception of individuals with an ASD would suggest that on these tasks, individuals with ASD would be as, or more, likely to process dimensions as separable, regardless of whether they represented separable or integrated dimensions. In contrast, reduced specialization would propose that individuals with ASD would respond in a more integral manner to stimuli that differ along separable dimensions, and at the same time, respond in a more separable manner to stimuli that differ along integral dimensions. A group of nineteen adults diagnosed with high functioning ASD and seventeen typically developing participants of similar age and IQ, were tested on speeded and restricted classifications tasks. Consistent with the reduced specialization account, results show that individuals with ASD do not always respond more analytically than typically developed (TD) observers: Dimensions identified as integral for TD individuals evoke less integral responding in individuals with ASD, while those identified as separable evoke less analytic responding. These results suggest that perceptual representations are more broadly tuned and more flexibly represented in ASD. Autism Res 2017. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

© 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

PMID: 28474512

DOI: 10.1002/aur.1800