Neurodéveloppement: l'impact de la nutrition et de l'inflammation pendant la préconception et la grossesse dans les environnements à faible ressource

Aperçu: G.M.

Le rythme rapide du développement du fœtus dépasse de loin toutes les autres étapes de la vie et, par conséquent, les influences environnementales peuvent modifier profondément le cours du développement. Le stress pendant la période prénatale, y compris la malnutrition et l'inflammation, influe sur le développement neurologique maternel et foetal avec des conséquences à long terme pour la santé physique et mentale de la mère et de son enfant. Une conséquence primaire de la malnutrition maternelle, de l'inflammation et d'autres sources de stress prénatal est un mauvais résultat, comme la prématurité ou la restriction de la croissance.

L'amélioration de la santé maternelle et infantile nécessite des interventions qui commencent avant la grossesse et se poursuivent tout au long de la gestation et dans la période post-partum. Ces interventions pourraient inclure l'intention de grossesse, l'alimentation maternelle, la santé / soins médicaux, la santé mentale et la fourniture d'un soutien social. Cet article traite de l'impact de la nutrition maternelle et de l'inflammation lors de la préconception et de la grossesse chez les femmes vivant dans des milieux à faible ressources, en mettant l'accent sur les lacunes importantes en matière de connaissances qui doivent être abordées pour guider les décisions politiques aux niveaux local, régional et mondial.

Pediatrics. 2017 Apr;139(Suppl 1):S38-S49. doi: 10.1542/peds.2016-2828F.

Neurodevelopment: The Impact of Nutrition and Inflammation During Preconception and Pregnancy in Low-Resource Settings

Vohr BR^1,2, Poggi Davis E^3,4, Wanke CA⁵, Krebs NF⁶.

Author information

1

Neonatal Follow-up Program, Women & Infants Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island; bvohr@wihri.org.

2

Department of Pediatrics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.

3

Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado.

4

Department of Psychiatry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California.

5

Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts; and.

6

Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.

Abstract

The rapid pace of fetal development by far exceeds any other stage of the life span, and thus, environmental influences can profoundly alter the developmental course. Stress during the prenatal period, including malnutrition and inflammation, impact maternal and fetal neurodevelopment with long-term consequences for physical and mental health of both the mother and her child. One primary consequence of maternal malnutrition, inflammation, and other sources of prenatal stress is a poor birth outcome, such as prematurity or growth restriction. These phenotypes are often used as indications of prenatal adversity. In fact, the original evidence supporting the fetal programming hypothesis came from studies documenting an association between birth phenotype and the development of subsequent physical and mental health problems. Fetal growth restriction in both term and preterm infants is associated with neonatal morbidities and a wide variety of behavioral and psychological diagnoses in childhood and adolescence, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, depression, internalizing and thought problems, poor social skills, and autism spectrum disorder. Improving maternal-child health requires interventions that begin before pregnancy and continue throughout gestation and into the postpartum period. Such interventions might include supporting pregnancy intention, maternal nutrition, health/medical care, mental health, and providing social support. This article discusses the impact of maternal nutrition and inflammation during preconception and pregnancy among women living in low-resource settings, with an emphasis on key knowledge gaps that need to be addressed to guide program and policy decisions at local, regional and global levels.

Copyright © 2017 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

PMID:28562247

DOI:10.1542/peds.2016-2828F