06 juin 2017

Proximité résidentielle prénatale de l'utilisation de pesticides agricoles et QI chez les enfants de 7 ans

Aperçu: G.M.
La proximité résidentielle de l'utilisation de pesticides agricoles a été associée à des anomalies du tube neural et à l'autisme, mais des résultats plus subtils comme la cognition n'ont pas été étudiés.
L'étude a évalué la relation entre la proximité résidentielle prénatale à l'utilisation agricole de pesticides potentiellement neurotoxiques et le développement neurologique chez les enfants de 7 ans. 
Les chercheurs ont mis en évidence une diminution de 2,2 points [intervalle de confiance de 95% (IC): dans le QI à pleine échelle et 2,9 points (IC 95%) dans la compréhension verbale pour chaque augmentation de l'écart type de l'utilisation pondérée par la toxicité des pesticides organophosphorés.
Ils ont donc identifié des relations potentielles entre la proximité résidentielle maternelle de  l'utilisation agricole de pesticides neurotoxiques et le développement neurologique atténué chez les enfants .


Environ Health Perspect. 2017 May 25;125(5):057002. doi: 10.1289/EHP504.

Prenatal Residential Proximity to Agricultural Pesticide Use and IQ in 7-Year-Old Children

Author information

1
School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley , Berkeley, California, USA.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Residential proximity to agricultural pesticide use has been associated with neural tube defects and autism, but more subtle outcomes such as cognition have not been studied.

OBJECTIVES:

We evaluated the relationship between prenatal residential proximity to agricultural use of potentially neurotoxic pesticides and neurodevelopment in 7-year-old children.

METHODS:

Participants included mothers and children ([Formula: see text]) living in the agricultural Salinas Valley of California enrolled in the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) study. We estimated agricultural pesticide use within 1 km of maternal residences during pregnancy using a geographic information system, residential location, and California's comprehensive agricultural Pesticide Use Report data. We used regression models to evaluate prenatal residential proximity to agricultural use of five potentially neurotoxic pesticide groups (organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, and manganese fungicides) and five individual organophosphates (acephate, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion, and oxydemeton-methyl) and cognition in 7-year-old children. All models included prenatal urinary dialkyl phosphate metabolite concentrations.

RESULTS:

We observed a decrease of 2.2 points [95% confidence interval (CI): [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]] in Full-Scale IQ and 2.9 points (95% CI: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) in Verbal Comprehension for each standard deviation increase in toxicity-weighted use of organophosphate pesticides. In separate models, we observed similar decrements in Full-Scale IQ with each standard deviation increase of use for two organophosphates (acephate and oxydemeton-methyl) and three neurotoxic pesticide groups (pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, and manganese fungicides).

CONCLUSIONS:

This study identified potential relationships between maternal residential proximity to agricultural use of neurotoxic pesticides and poorer neurodevelopment in children. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP504.

BACKGROUND:

Residential proximity to agricultural pesticide use has been associated with neural tube defects and autism, but more subtle outcomes such as cognition have not been studied.

OBJECTIVES:

We evaluated the relationship between prenatal residential proximity to agricultural use of potentially neurotoxic pesticides and neurodevelopment in 7-year-old children.

METHODS:

Participants included mothers and children ([Formula: see text]) living in the agricultural Salinas Valley of California enrolled in the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) study. We estimated agricultural pesticide use within 1 km of maternal residences during pregnancy using a geographic information system, residential location, and California’s comprehensive agricultural Pesticide Use Report data. We used regression models to evaluate prenatal residential proximity to agricultural use of five potentially neurotoxic pesticide groups (organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, and manganese fungicides) and five individual organophosphates (acephate, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion, and oxydemeton-methyl) and cognition in 7-year-old children. All models included prenatal urinary dialkyl phosphate metabolite concentrations.

RESULTS:

We observed a decrease of 2.2 points [95% confidence interval (CI): [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]] in Full-Scale IQ and 2.9 points (95% CI: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) in Verbal Comprehension for each standard deviation increase in toxicity-weighted use of organophosphate pesticides. In separate models, we observed similar decrements in Full-Scale IQ with each standard deviation increase of use for two organophosphates (acephate and oxydemeton-methyl) and three neurotoxic pesticide groups (pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, and manganese fungicides).

CONCLUSIONS:

This study identified potential relationships between maternal residential proximity to agricultural use of neurotoxic pesticides and poorer neurodevelopment in children. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP504.
PMID: 28557711
DOI: 10.1289/EHP504

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