17 juin 2017

La cognition sociale dans l'autisme: la mise au point sur le visage

Aperçu: G.M.
Les visages transmettent des informations précieuses pour la cognition sociale, l'interaction interpersonnelle efficace et la communication non verbale. On pense que la perception du visage est atypique dans l'autisme, mais l'origine de ce déficit est controversée. 
L'encodage dominant des caractéristiques du visage est suggéré comme étant responsable de l'insuffisance de l'accordage du visage. Les chercheurs ont un nouveau paradigme Face-n-Food (Arcimboldo) récemment développé pour étudier le réglage du visage chez les personnes avec un diagnostic de "trouble du spectre de l'autisme". 
Dans une tâche de reconnaissance spontanée, les adolescents "avec autisme" et au développement typique appariés ont été vu un ensemble d'images Face-n-Food avec des degrés différents de ressemblance à un visage. 
Les seuils pour la reconnaissance des images Face-n-Food en tant que visage chez les personnes avec un diagnostic de TSA étaient nettement plus élevé que chez les personnes  contrôles au développement typique : ils ne signalaient pas avoir vu un visage sur les images, alors que les contrôles voyaient facilement le visage .Ce résultat non seulement conforte l'idée de l'accordage atypique du visage , mais fournit de nouvelles idées sur l'origine des déficits de codage des visages dans l'autisme.


Sci Rep. 2017 May 26;7(1):2734. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-02790-1.

Social cognition in autism: Face tuning

Author information

1
Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Medical School, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. marina.pavlova@uni-tuebingen.de.
2
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. marina.pavlova@uni-tuebingen.de.
3
Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
4
Unit of Child and Adolescent Neurology and Psychiatry, Asst Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
5
Women's Health Research Institute, Department of Women's Health, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
6
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical School and University Hospital, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

Abstract

Faces convey valuable information for social cognition, effective interpersonal interaction, and non-verbal communication. Face perception is believed to be atypical in autism, but the origin of this deficit is controversial. Dominant featural face encoding is suggested to be responsible for face tuning scarcity. Here we used a recently developed Face-n-Food paradigm for studying face tuning in individuals with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). The key benefit of these images is that single components do not explicitly trigger face processing. In a spontaneous recognition task, adolescents with autism and typically developing matched controls were presented with a set of Face-n-Food images in different degree resembling a face (slightly bordering on the Giuseppe Arcimboldo style). The set of images was shown in a predetermined order from the least to most resembling a face. Thresholds for recognition of the Face-n-Food images as a face in ASD individuals were substantially higher than in typically developing controls: they did not report seeing a face on the images, which controls easily recognized as a face, and gave overall fewer face responses. This outcome not only lends support to atypical face tuning, but provides novel insights into the origin of face encoding deficits in autism.
PMID: 28578379
PMCID: PMC5457440
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02790-1

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